How melting ice is boosting Russia's military

The twin threats of climate change and Russian malign activity in the Arctic must be taken "deadly seriously," David Lammy has warned.

Sky News joined him on the furthest reaching tour of the Arctic by a British foreign secretary. We travelled to Svalbard - a Norwegian archipelago that is the most northern settled land on Earth, 400 miles from the North Pole.

It is at the heart of an Arctic region facing growing geopolitical tension and feeling the brunt of climate change. Mr Lammy told us the geopolitics of the region must be taken "deadly seriously" due to climate change and "the threats we're seeing from Russia".

We witnessed the direct impact of climate change along Svalbard's coastline and inland waterways. There is less ice, we were told, compared to the past.

The melting ice is opening up the Arctic and allowing Russia more freedom to manoeuvre. "We do see Russia's shadow fleet using these waters," Mr Lammy said.

"We do see increased activity from submarines with nuclear capability under our waters and we do see hybrid sabotage of undersea cables at this time." In Tromso, further south, the foreign secretary was briefed by Norwegian military commanders. Vice Admiral Rune Andersen, the Chief of Norwegian Joint Headquarters, told Sky News the Russian threat was explicit.

"Russia has stated that they are in confrontation with the West and are utilising a lot of hybrid methods to undermine Western security," he said. But it's not just Vladimir Putin they're worried about.

Norwegian observers are concerned by US president Donald Trump's strange relationship with the Russian leader too. Karsten Friis, a Norwegian defence and security analyst, told Sky News: "If he's too soft on Putin, if he is kind of normalising relations with Russia, I wouldn't be surprised.

"I would expect Russia to push us, to test us, to push borders, to see what we can do as Europeans." Changes in the Arctic mean new challenges for the NATO military alliance - including stepping up activity to deter threats, most of all from Russia. More from Sky News:Trump doubles down on Putin criticismWhy Russian troops are gathering near 'fortress city' ???? Click here to listen to The World With Richard Engel And Yalda Hakim wherever you get your podcasts ???? In Iceland, we toured a NATO airbase with the foreign secretary.

There, he said maintaining robust presence in the Arctic was essential for western security. "Let's be clear, in this challenging geopolitical moment the high north and the Arctic is a heavily contested arena and we should be under no doubt that NATO and the UK need to protect it for our own national security." This is also about distracting Russia, drawing away resources that could have been used in the war in Ukraine and deterring it in the future.

Because the more Arctic opens up, the more this once pristine wilderness is becoming the arena of national rivalry and potentially conflict..