This annual conference is a global gathering of the world’s leading scholars and practitioners. Among the attendees are participants from developing countries, think tanks, NGOs, and international institutions. These papers concern: Trade and economic performance: does Africa’s fragmentation matter?; Protectionist Policies and Manufacturing Trade Flows in Africa; Criss-Crossing Globalization: The Phenomenon of Uphill Skills flows; The Aid-Migration Trade off; Are Remittances More Effective than Aid to Improve Child Health? An Empirical Assessment Using Inter- and Intra-country data; Role of Emigration and Emigrant Networks in Labor Market Decision of non-Migrants; the Role of Higher Education in High-tech Industry Development: A Review of International Experience; Higher Education and Industry: What Linkages in Africa; An Arrested Virtuous Circle?; Higher Education and High-tech Industry in India; Health and socio-economic status: Isolating causal pathways; The Household Impacts of Treating HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries; First Things First: Infectious Disease, Child Mortality and the poor in India 1992-2005; What Makes Growth Shared?; On the Political Economy of Inclusive Development; Characterizing Conflict Forms; Public Goods Provision in South Asia. Introduction by Justin Yifu Lin and Boris Pleskovic. Opening addresses by Trevor Manuel, Justin Yifu Lin, and Thabo Mbeki. Keynote addresses by Michael Spence, Bassma Kodmani, and Sunil Kant Munjal. Papers by Paul Collier and Anthony J. Venables; Lawrence Edwards; Aaditya Mattoo and Arvind Subramanian; Jean-Paul Azam and Ruxanda Berlinschi; Lisa Chauvet, Flore Gubert, and Sandrine Mesplé-Somps; Jinu Koola and Çaglar Özden; Sachi Hatakenaka; Akilagpa Sawyerr and Boubakar Barry; Rakesh Basant and Partha Mukhopadhyay; Duncan Thomas; Markus Goldstein, Joshua Graff Zivin, and Harsha Thirumurthy; Francisco Rodríguez; and Lakshmi Iyer. Comments by Beata Smarzynska Javorcik, Melvin D. Ayogu, Jean-Luc Demonsant, Erik Sander, Shahid Yusuf, Pankaj Chandra, T. Paul Schultz, John Strauss, and Ashutosh Varshney. Closing remarks by Alan Gelb and Fundi Tshazibana.