Algorithmes : la bombe à retardement

Algorithmes : la bombe à retardement

Qui choisit votre université ? Qui vous accorde un crédit, une assurance, et sélectionne vos professeurs ? Qui influence votre vote aux élections ? Ce sont des formules mathématiques.Ancienne analyste à Wall Street devenue une figure majeure de la lutte contre les dérives des algorithmes, Cathy O'Neil dévoile ces " armes de destruction mathématiques " qui se développent grâce à l'ultra-connexion et leur puissance de calcul exponentielle. Brillante mathématicienne, elle explique avec une simplicité percutante comment les algorithmes font le jeu du profit.Cet ouvrage fait le tour du monde depuis sa parution. Il explore des domaines aussi variés que l'emploi, l'éducation, la politique, nos habitudes de consommation. Nous ne pouvons plus ignorer les dérives croissantes d'une industrie des données qui favorise les inégalités et continue d'échapper à tout contrôle. Voulons-nous que ces formules mathématiques décident à notre place ? C'est un débat essentiel, au cœur de la démocratie.

The End of the Long Summer

The End of the Long Summer

For the past twelve thousand years, Earth’s stable climate has allowed human civilization to flourish. But this long benign summer is an anomaly in the Earth’s history and one that is rapidly coming to a close. The radical experiment of our modern industrial civilization is now disrupting our planet’s very metabolism; our future hinges in large part on how Earth responds. Climate change is already bearing down, hitting harder and faster than expected. The greatest danger is not extreme yet discrete weather events, such as Hurricane Katrina or the calamitous wildfires that now plague California, but profound and systemic disruptions on a global scale. Contrary to the pervasive belief that climate change will be a gradual escalator ride into balmier temperatures, the Earth’s climate system has a history of radical shifts–dramatic shocks that could lead to the collapse of social and economic systems. The question is no longer simply how can we stop climate change, but how can we as a civilization survive it.The guiding values of modern culture have become dangerously obsolete in this new era. Yet as renowned environmental journalist Dianne Dumanoski shows, little has been done to avert the crisis or to prepare human societies for a time of growing instability. In a work of astonishing scope, Dumanoski deftly weaves history, science, and culture to show how the fundamental doctrines of modern society have impeded our ability to respond to this crisis and have fostered an economic globalization that is only increasing our vulnerability at this critical time. She exposes the fallacy of banking on a last-minute technological fix as well as the perilous trap of believing that humans can succeed in the quest to control nature. Only by restructuring our global civilization based on the principles that have allowed Earth’s life and our ancestors to survive catastrophe——diversity, redundancy, a degree of self-sufficiency, social solidarity, and an aversion to excessive integration——can we restore the flexibility needed to weather the trials ahead. In this powerful and prescient book, Dumanoski moves beyond now-ubiquitous environmental buzzwords about green industries and clean energy to provide a new cultural map through this dangerous passage. Though the message is grave, it is not without hope. Lucid, eloquent, and urgent, The End of the Long Summer deserves a place alongside transformative works such as Silent Spring and The Fate of the Earth.

Astronomical Instruments

Astronomical Instruments

Astronomical Instruments unveils the sophisticated technology that enables us to explore the cosmos from Earth, focusing on how advancements directly correlate with our evolving understanding of the universe. The book explores the evolution of telescopes, space-based observatories, and data processing techniques, which are critical for groundbreaking astronomical discoveries. Discover how early astronomers overcame limitations using refined optics and mechanics, paving the way for today's massive ground-based telescopes.This book uniquely emphasizes the engineering challenges and technological innovations driving progress in astronomy, rather than focusing on specific scientific findings. It traces the journey from traditional ground-based telescopes using visible light to the deployment of advanced space probes, showcasing the advantages of observing from space.It also highlights the pivotal role of data processing in analyzing astronomical data, such as image processing and spectral analysis, which are crucial for uncovering exoplanets and studying distant galaxies. The book begins with fundamental principles, progresses through the development of various telescopes and adaptive optics, dedicates a significant portion to space-based observatories like the Hubble and James Webb, and concludes with data processing techniques.By connecting physics, engineering, and computer science, Astronomical Instruments provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the tools behind our cosmic insights.

De la nuit des temps (1) : Les cahiers de cours de Moïse

De la nuit des temps (1) : Les cahiers de cours de Moïse

Jean Sendy. « Né en 1910, après avoir fait mes études secondaires à Paris, je me suis lancé dans l’aventure de l’étudiant perpétuel picorant parmi les disciplines les plus diverses. « Stagiaire de banque, employé à la construction d’une raffinerie de pétrole, journaliste, puis traducteur de romans policiers, j’ai fini par trouver dans le sous-titrage de films une profession suffisamment libérale pour m’assurer, outre le pain, la liberté. « Les Cahiers de Cours de Moïse sont le fruit d’idées personnelles assez anciennes, dont cinq à six ans de flâneries entre bibliothèques et brouillons m’ont permis de tenter une mise au net. « Signe particulier : j’ai horreur de parler de moi-même à la troisième personne. »

The Science of History in Victorian Britain

The Science of History in Victorian Britain

New attitudes towards history in nineteenth-century Britain saw a rejection of romantic, literary techniques in favour of a professionalized, scientific methodology. The development of history as a scientific discipline was undertaken by several key historians of the Victorian period, influenced by German scientific history and British natural philosophy. This study examines parallels between the professionalization of both history and science at the time, which have previously been overlooked.Hesketh challenges accepted notions of a single scientific approach to history. Instead, he draws on a variety of sources—monographs, lectures, correspondence—from eminent Victorian historians to uncover numerous competing discourses.

GM-Crop Cultivation – Ecological Effects On a Landscape Scale

GM-Crop Cultivation – Ecological Effects On a Landscape Scale

After two successful meetings on the ecological implications of GM-crop cultivation in 2008 and 2010, the authors felt encouraged to carry out a follow-up conference in 2012. GMLS III highlights recent scientific developments in the analysis of risks in the agricultural use of genetically modified plants. While in some countries a GM-based agriculture has been largely established, other regions of the world continue cultivation of conventional varieties only. This acknowledges a persistent reservation of the public towards GMO products. The overall need of an emphasis in independent studies becomes continuously more obvious. Experts from Europe, United States, Ghana and Argentina report their scientific results and experience with ecological, socio-economical and administrative implications.

Armageddon Science

Armageddon Science

An exploration of the terrifying threats to our world that fill today's headlines: from global warming epidemic to the threat of nuclear weapons and the risk posed by the leading edge devices like the Large Hadron Collider. Armageddon Science by Brian Clegg is everything you want to know about potential man-made disaster. Climate change. Nuclear devastation. Bio-hazards. The Large Hadron Collider. What do these things have in common? They all have the potential to end our world. Every great scientific creation of man is balanced by an equal amount of danger—as there's no progress without risk. Armageddon Science is an authoritative look at the real "mad science" at work today, that recklessly puts life on Earth at risk for the pursuit of knowledge and personal gain. This book explores the reality of the dangers that science poses to the human race, from the classic fear of nuclear destruction to the latest possibilities for annihilation. Combining the science behind those threats with an understanding of the real people responsible as well as providing an assessment of the likelihood of the end of the world, this isn't a disaster movie, it's Armageddon Science.

Coil tubing unit for oil production and remedial measures

Coil tubing unit for oil production and remedial measures

Well activation is one of the most important aspects in the oil and gas industries and nitrogen gas is predominately used. The gas, being light, is sent down the producing reservoir which will enhance the production or improve the flow of crude oil. In addition to the methods used to increase production there are several problems like sand production and water production from the producing wells.Sand production occurs when the destabilizing stresses at the formation face exceed the strength of the natural arching tendencies and/or grain-to-grain cementation strength. Ideally, during oil production, the formation should be porous, permeable and well consolidated through which hydrocarbons can easily flow into the production wells. But sometimes, especially during production from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, the produced hydrocarbons may also carry large amounts of sand into the well bore and sand entering production wells is one of the oldest problems faced by oil companies and one of the toughest to solve. These unconsolidated formations may not restrain grain movement, and produce sand along with the fluids especially at high rates.Water production is also a problem that many reservoir or production engineers face in day-to-day life. As engineers we should be able to decide whether water control solutions should be applied or not. The excess production of water is caused by the depletion of the reservoir and simply sweeps away most of the oil that the reservoir can produce.This book gives an information how well activation using nitrogen is carried out, and how sand control and water control issues can be resolved.

The Future of Telecommunications Industries

The Future of Telecommunications Industries

Communication is a crucial basis for the development of each individual’s social identity as well as for intellectual and commercial exchange and economic development. Therefore, the question is not whether telecommunications industries have a future but what kind of future old and new players will have, given the dynamic changes in technologies and markets with various opportunities, challenges, and discontinuities. This book contains the results of a Transatlantic Symposium organized by the MÜNCHNER KREIS and supported by Georgetown University and its BMW Center for German and European Studies. The symposium combined perspectives from industrial practice and academic research originating from North America and Europe. Key issues were the technological drivers of change, changing market structures and business models, and the nature of future regulation on telecom markets.

How to Get Your PhD

How to Get Your PhD

A unique take on how to survive and thrive in the process your PhD, this is a book that stands out from the crowd of traditional PhD guides. Compiled by a leading UK researcher, and written in a highly personal one-to-one manner, How to Get Your PhD showcases the thoughts of diverse and distinguished minds hailing from the UK, EU, and beyond, spanning both academia and industry. With over 150 bitesize nuggets of actionable advice, it offers more detailed contributions covering topics such as career planning, professional development, diversity and inclusion in science, and the nature of risk in research. How to Get Your PhD: A Handbook for the Journey is as readable for people considering a PhD as it is for those in the middle of one: aiming to clarify the highs and lows that come when training in the profession of research, while providing tips & tricks for the journey. This concise yet complete guide allows students to “dip in” and read just what they need, rather than adding to the mountain of reading material they already have.

RISINGTIDEFALLINGSTAR

RISINGTIDEFALLINGSTAR

“Every day is an anxiety in my ways of getting to the water. . . . I’ve become so attuned to it, so scared of it, so in love with it that sometimes I can only think by the sea. It is the only place I feel at home.”   Many of us visit the sea. Admire it. Even profess to love it. But very few of us live it. Philip Hoare does. He swims in the sea every day, either off the coast of his native Southampton or his adopted Cape Cod. He watches its daily and seasonal changes. He collects and communes with the wrack—both dead and never living—that it throws up on the shingle. He thinks with, at, through the sea.   All of which should prepare readers: RISINGTIDEFALLINGSTAR is no ordinary book. It mounts no straight-ahead argument. It hews to no single genre. Instead, like the sea itself, it moves, flows, absorbs, transforms. In its pages we find passages of beautiful nature and travel writing, lyrical memoir, seams of American and English history and much more. We find Thoreau and Melville, Bowie and Byron, John Waters and Virginia Woolf, all linked through a certain refusal to be contained, to be strictly defined—an openness to discovery and change. Running throughout is an air of elegy, a reminder that the sea is an ending, a repository of lost ships, lost people, lost ways of being. It is where we came from; for Hoare, it is where he is going.   “Every swim is a little death,” Hoare writes, “but it is also a reminder that you are alive.” Few books have ever made that knife’s edge so palpable. Read RISINGTIDEFALLINGSTAR. Let it settle into the seabed of your soul. You’ll never forget it.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis

Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis

Food contains various compounds and many technologies exist to analyze those molecules of interest. However, the analysis of the spatial distribution of those compounds using conventional technology, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is difficult. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a mass spectrometry technique to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules, as biomarkers, metabolites, peptides or proteins by their molecular masses. Despite the fact that MSI has been generally considered a qualitative method, the signal generated by this technique is proportional to the relative abundance of the analyte and so quantification is possible. Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis, a volume in the Food Analysis and Properties Series, explains how the novel use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) will be an ideal complementary approach. MALDI-MSI is a two-dimensional MALDI-MS technology that can detect compounds in a tissue section without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling. It can be used to visualize the spatial distribution of biomolecules in foods.Features: Explains the novel use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging in food analysis Describes how MALDI-MSI will be a useful technique for optical quality assurance. Shows how MALDI-MSI detects food contaminants and residues Covers the historical development of the technology While there are a multitude of books on mass spectrometry, none focus on food applications and thus this book is ideally suited to food scientists, food industry personnel engaged in product development, research institutions, and universities active in food analysis or chemical analysis.Also available in the Food Analysis and Properties Series: Food Aroma Evolution: During Food Processing, Cooking, and Aging, edited byMatteo Bordiga and Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 9781138338241)Ambient Mass Spectroscopy Techniques in Food and the Environment, edited by Leo M.L. Nollet and Basil K. Munjanja (ISBN: 9781138505568)Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis and Applications for Food Quality, edited by N.C. Basantia, Leo M.L. Nollet, and Mohammed Kamruzzaman (ISBN: 9781138630796) For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at:www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO

SCADA Security

SCADA Security

Examines the design and use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to secure Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems Cyber-attacks on SCADA systems—the control system architecture that uses computers, networked data communications, and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management—can lead to costly financial consequences or even result in loss of life. Minimizing potential risks and responding to malicious actions requires innovative approaches for monitoring SCADA systems and protecting them from targeted attacks. SCADA Security: Machine Learning Concepts for Intrusion Detection and Prevention is designed to help security and networking professionals develop and deploy accurate and effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for SCADA systems that leverage autonomous machine learning. Providing expert insights, practical advice, and up-to-date coverage of developments in SCADA security, this authoritative guide presents a new approach for efficient unsupervised IDS driven by SCADA-specific data. Organized into eight in-depth chapters, the text first discusses how traditional IT attacks can also be possible against SCADA, and describes essential SCADA concepts, systems, architectures, and main components. Following chapters introduce various SCADA security frameworks and approaches, including evaluating security with virtualization-based SCADAVT, using SDAD to extract proximity-based detection, finding a global and efficient anomaly threshold with GATUD, and more. This important book: Provides diverse perspectives on establishing an efficient IDS approach that can be implemented in SCADA systems Describes the relationship between main components and three generations of SCADA systems Explains the classification of a SCADA IDS based on its architecture and implementation Surveys the current literature in the field and suggests possible directions for future research SCADA Security: Machine Learning Concepts for Intrusion Detection and Prevention is a must-read for all SCADA security and networking researchers, engineers, system architects, developers, managers, lecturers, and other SCADA security industry practitioners.

Ein Universum aus Nichts

Ein Universum aus Nichts

Eine Reise zu den Ursprüngen unseres UniversumsWarum gibt es alles und nicht nichts? Worüber sich Philosophen seit Jahrhunderten den Kopf zerbrechen, darauf weiß die Physik Antwort: Nach den neuesten Erkenntnissen kann durchaus alles aus dem Nichts entstanden sein. Und mit Lawrence Krauss ist das gar nicht so schwer zu verstehen. Ironisch, böse und zugleich mit einem Augenzwinkern weiß Krauss selbst die Erkenntnis, dass wir aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach auch im Nichts verschwinden werden, höchst amüsant zu präsentieren, und schont dabei niemanden: weder Philosophen noch Theologen noch sich selbst.Die Frage nach der Entstehung unseres Universums ist eine der bemerkenswertesten Erkundungsreisen, die die Menschheit je unternommen hat. Einstein, Hubble, Relativitätstheorie, Inflation und Quantenmechanik – kein Bereich der Kosmologie, über den Lawrence Krauss nicht verständlich und vor allem spannend zu erzählen weiß. Dabei fragt er immer auch nach den Quellen unseres Wissens: Wie hat sich unsere Vorstellung vom Ursprung aller Dinge entwickelt? Weshalb wissen wir, was wir heute wissen? Und warum können wir davon ausgehen, dass das auch stimmt? Mit Ein Universum aus Nichts hat er ein Buch geschrieben, das schlau macht – voller Seitenhiebe gegen die theologische Zunft und alle anderen esoterischen Welterklärungen. Ganz ohne Berechnungen.

The Madhouse Effect

The Madhouse Effect

The award-winning climate scientist Michael E. Mann and the Pulitzer Prize–winning political cartoonist Tom Toles have been on the front lines of the fight against climate denialism for most of their careers. They have witnessed the manipulation of the media by business and political interests and the unconscionable play to partisanship on issues that affect the well-being of billions. The lessons they have learned have been invaluable, inspiring this brilliant, colorful escape hatch from the madhouse of the climate wars. The Madhouse Effect portrays the intellectual pretzels into which denialists must twist logic to explain away the clear evidence that human activity has changed Earth's climate. Toles's cartoons collapse counter-scientific strategies into their biased components, helping readers see how to best strike at these fallacies. Mann's expert skills at science communication aim to restore sanity to a debate that continues to rage against widely acknowledged scientific consensus. The synergy of these two climate science crusaders enlivens the gloom and doom of so many climate-themed books—and may even convert die-hard doubters to the side of sound science.

A History of Seeing in Eleven Inventions

A History of Seeing in Eleven Inventions

In 2015 #thedress captured the world’s imagination. Was the dress in the picture white and gold or blue and black? It inspired the author to ask: if people in the same time and place can see the same thing differently, how did people in distant times and places see the world?Jam-packed with fascinating stories, facts and insights and impeccably researched, A History of Seeing in Eleven Inventions investigates the story of seeing from the evolution of eyes 500 million years ago to the present day. Time after time, it reveals, inventions that changed how people saw the world ended up changing it altogether.Twenty-first-century life is more visual than ever, and seeing overwhelmingly dominates our senses. Can our eyes keep up with technology? Have we gone as far as the eye can see?

Role of ICT for Multi-Disciplinary Applications in 2030

Role of ICT for Multi-Disciplinary Applications in 2030

The theme of this book is “Role of ICT for multi-disciplinary applications in 2030”, which is absolutely appropriate to explore with regard to the CONASENSE vision of looking at services utilizing the Communications, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) paradigm in a period of 20-50 years from now. The vision of CONASENSE society is to bring about active integration of the three worlds of communications, navigation and local/remote sensing – that have been apart for years require a multidisciplinary approach. This 4th Communication, Navigation, Sensing and Services (CONASENSE) book brings together in contributions from another society, namely, Global ICT Standardization Forum for India (GISFI).Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Wireless Sensor Networks• Advanced IoT and M2M• Future Space Communications Infrastructure• ICT Networks for CONASENSE in 2030• International ICT Research• Secure Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks• Heterodox Networks• CONASENSE Innovation Era• CONASENSE at NanoscaleThus the book provides a rich and interesting coverage of diverse aspects concerning multi-disciplinary applications.

Anthropology of the Self

Anthropology of the Self

Western society is individualised; we feel at ease talking about individuals and we study individual behaviour through psychology and psychoanalysis. Yet anthropology teaches us that an individual approach is only one of many ways of looking at ourselves. In this wide-ranging text Morris explores the origins, doctrines and conceptions of the self in Western, Asian and African societies passing though Greek philosophy, Buddhism, Hinduism, Confuscism, Tao and African philosophy and ending with contemporary feminism. Scholarly and written in a lucid style, free of jargon, this work is written from an anthropological perspective with an interdisciplinary approach. Morris emphasises the varying conceptions of the self found cross-culturally and contrasts these with the conceptions found in the Western intellectual traditions.

Infinity Theories

Infinity Theories

Infinity Theories explores the concept of infinity across mathematics, physics, and cosmology, bridging abstract mathematical concepts with their potential physical implications. The book investigates whether infinity is merely a mathematical tool or a physical reality.One intriguing aspect is the role of infinity in physical theories, such as the singularity at the center of black holes and the infinite energy densities predicted by some quantum field theories. The book delves into the debate surrounding the possibility of an infinite universe, examining its implications for concepts like the multiverse and the arrow of time.The book is structured in three main sections: mathematical foundations, the role of infinity in physical theories like general relativity and quantum mechanics, and the possibility of an infinite universe. It emphasizes the distinction between mathematical abstraction and physical reality, cautioning against the uncritical application of mathematical infinities to physical phenomena. It uses data from astronomical surveys, cosmological models, and theoretical physics research.