Science & Nature - Books

Wind Power

Science & Nature

Wind Power explores the science, technology, and societal implications of harnessing wind energy, a crucial component in mitigating climate change and achieving energy independence. The book establishes a foundation in atmospheric science, explaining how wind is created through differential heating and pressure gradients. It emphasizes wind power as a vital, scalable part of a diverse energy portfolio, advocating for a realistic view grounded in scientific evidence. The book progresses across three sections: detailing the science of wind, exploring wind turbine technology and grid integration, and addressing the socio-economic and environmental aspects of wind power. Readers will gain a clear understanding of the technological advancements driving its growth, the challenges associated with its adoption, and the debates surrounding its visual and auditory impacts. With real-time wind speed measurements and performance data, the book offers a pragmatic investigation of wind power, addressing its complexities and potential.

More and More and More

Science & Nature

The radical, paradigm-shifting international bestseller that destroys our delusions about energy consumption and will change the way we talk about climate change.We have long been taught that humanity’s relationship with energy is one of progress, with wood superseded by coal, coal by oil, oil by nuclear—until at some future point everything will be replaced by “green” energy. But the long-held belief in transition and sustainability is completely untrue, Jean-Baptiste Fressoz argues.More and More and More demolishes this disastrous fallacy, showing how our industrial age and beyond has in fact been powered by an ever-greater accumulation of each major energy source feeding off the others. Using a fascinating array of examples from past and present, from the whaling and candle-making industries of the nineteenth century to our post-nuclear age today, Fressoz describes how humanity has gorged on all forms of energy—with whole forests used to prop up coal mines, and fossil fuels remaining central to the creation of innumerable new products we rely on every day. While nations have signed climate agreements aimed at reducing fossil fuels, the sad truth is that the world today burns more wood, coal, and carbon than ever before.More and More and More forces readers to confront hard truths, including how “transition” was originally promoted by energy companies, not as a genuine plan, but as a way to put off any meaningful change. It offers a clear-eyed understanding of the modern world in all its voracious reality and shines a hard light on the true nature of the enormous challenges eight billion of us face, as we stand at the precipice of planetary crisis.

Conceptualizing Environmental Citizenship for 21st Century Education

Science & Nature

This open access book is about the development of a common understanding of environmental citizenship. It conceptualizes and frames environmental citizenship taking an educational perspective. Organized in four complementary parts, the book first explains the political, economic and societal dimensions of the concept. Next, it examines environmental citizenship as a psychological concept with a specific focus on knowledge, values, beliefs and attitudes. It then explores environmental citizenship within the context of environmental education and education for sustainability. It elaborates responsible environmental behaviour, youth activism and education for sustainability through the lens of environmental citizenship. Finally, it discusses the concept within the context of different educational levels, such as primary and secondary education in formal and non-formal settings.Environmental citizenship is a key factor in sustainability, green and cycle economy, and low-carbon society, and an important aspect in addressing global environmental problems. It has been an influential concept in many different arenas such as economy, policy, philosophy, and organizational marketing. In the field of education, the concept could be better exploited and established, however. Education and, especially, environmental discourses in science education have a great deal to contribute to the adoption and promotion of environmental citizenship.

Bioreactor Engineering Research and Industrial Applications II

Science & Nature

This book review series presents current trends in modern biotechnology. The aim is to cover all aspects of this interdisciplinary technology where knowledge, methods and expertise are required from chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, genetics, chemical engineering and computer science.Volumes are organized topically and provide a comprehensive discussion of developments in the respective field over the past 3-5 years. The series also discusses new discoveries and applications. Special volumes are dedicated to selected topics which focus on new biotechnological products and new processes for their synthesis and purification.In general, special volumes are edited by well-known guest editors. The series editor and publisher will however always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Manuscripts are accepted in English.

Reason in Revolt

Science & Nature

The achievements of science and technology during the past century are unparalleled in history. They provide the potential for the solution to all the problems faced by the planet, and equally for its total destruction. Allegedly scientific theories are being used to "prove" that criminality is caused, not by social conditions, but by a "criminal gene". Black people are alleged to be disadvantaged, not because of discrimination, but because of their genetic make-up. Of course, such "science" is highly convenient to right-wing politicians intent on ruthlessly cutting welfare.In the field of theoretical physics and cosmology there is a growing tendency towards mysticism. The "Big Bang" theory of the origin of the universe is being used to justify the existence of a Creator, as in the book of Genesis . For the first time in centuries, science appears to lend credence to religious obscurantism. Yet this is only one side of the story.A growing number of scientists are becoming discontented with the old outlook. The rapid rise of the theory of Chaos and Complexity is one of the most significant developments in science at the turn of the new millennium. Many of the ideas expressed by this new trend are strikingly similar to the theories of dialectical materialism worked out by Marx and Engels over 150 years ago.A significant part of the present work is devoted to an exploration of the relationship between Marxist philosophy and the new theories. Will this encounter provide the basis for a new and exciting breakthrough in the methodology of science?

Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Science & Nature

This book provides an in-depth exploration of microbial biodiversity and its crucial role in diverse biotechnological and industrial sectors. It covers topics such as the integration of molecular approaches for identifying industrially significant strains, omics roles in the production of bioproducts, and modern genetic engineering techniques. It discusses biostatistical investigations and the impact of microbial biotechnology on healthcare and emerging contaminants. It highlights the significance of food microbiology, fermentation, and the latest technologies in improving human health. Additionally, the book delves into emerging trends in oligosaccharide production, biobased approaches for a sustainable future, and the importance of microbial biomolecules and secondary metabolites. It also explores the identification and production of industrially significant biocatalysts/enzymes, the valorization of agro-industrial waste using microorganisms for green energy generation, and the development of bioreactor systems for the biobased economy. The book covers advancements in solid-gaseous biofuels production, impact assessment of synthetic microfiber pollution, sustainable management strategies for waste management, and the impact of emerging technologies in medical microbiology. The book also discusses the development of healthcare products using nano-biotechnological advancements, the impact of novel remediation technology, and the utilization of microbial products in biomaterial development. It further explores microbial regulatory systems, gene expression studies, and the significance of mutations in microbial technology.This book serves as a great reference for researchers, environmentalists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, and graduate, post-graduate students, and doctoral students working on microbial biotechnology and industrial microbiology.

Nanoengineering of Biomaterials

Science & Nature

A comprehensive discussion of various types of nanoengineered biomaterials and their applications In Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery & Biomedical Applications, an expert team of chemists delivers a succinct exploration of the synthesis, characterization, in-vitro and in-vivo drug molecule release, pharmacokinetic activity, pharmacodynamic activity, and the biomedical applications of several types of nanoengineered biomaterials. The editors have also included resources to highlight the most current developments in the field. The book is a collection of valuable and accessible reference sources for researchers in materials chemistry and related disciplines. It uses a functions-directed approach to using organic and inorganic source compounds that translate into biological systems as scaffolds, micelles, dendrimers, and other delivery systems. Nanoengineering of Biomaterials offers readers up-to-date chemistry and material science insights that are readily transferrable to biomedical systems. The book also includes: Thorough introductions to alginate nanoparticle delivery of therapeutics and chitosan-based nanomaterials in biological applications Comprehensive explorations of nanostructured carrageenan as a drug carrier, gellan gum nanoparticles in drug delivery, and guar-gum nanoparticles in the delivery of bioactive molecules Practical discussions of protein-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles as drug carriers, and pH-responsive nanoparticles in therapy In-depth examinations of stimuli-responsive nano carriers in drug targeting Perfect for pharmaceutical chemists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, life scientists, and medicinal chemists, Nanoengineering of Biomaterials: Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications is also an indispensable resource for biologists and bioengineers seeking a one-stop reference on the transferability of materials chemistry and nanotechnology to biomedicine.

Listy od astrofyzika

Science & Nature

Knihy obľúbeného a slávneho astrofyzika sa stali celosvetovým fenoménom. V Tatrane vyšla v roku 2017 jeho populárna Astrofyzika pre zaneprázdnených, celosvetovo sa predali milióny výtlačkov. V Listoch od astrofyzika autor odpovedá na otázky zvedavým čitateľom a zverí sa im so svojím najúprimnejším a najosobnejším vyznaním o našom mieste vo vesmíre. Kniha je vynikajúcou príležitosťou, aby sme bližšie spoznali autorov pohľad a vnímanie okolitého sveta. Tyson je proti náboženským dogmám, myslí si, že moderná filozofia je do istej miery zbytočná, no za najdôležitejšie považuje naučiť mladých ľudí, aby mysleli sami za seba a pristupovali k svetu vedecky. Tysonovo rozhodnutie zverejniť úryvky zo svojej kolektívnej korešpondencie skrýva v sebe istú iróniu. Písanie listov je zanikajúce umenie, kým astrofyzika oplýva novými poznatkami a teóriami. A práve s nimi nás autor prostredníctvom listov hravo zoznámi.

The Seven Follies of Science

Science & Nature

The Seven Follies of Science by John Phin is a provocative examination of the fallacies, misconceptions, and challenges that have historically plagued the field of science. Written during a period of burgeoning technological and scientific discovery, Phin's work serves as both a critique and a reflection on the complexities and idiosyncrasies of scientific inquiry. This insightful book invites readers to reconsider their understanding of science, exposing the limitations and follies that can arise even within the most esteemed disciplines.In this engaging volume, Phin meticulously identifies seven significant follies that he believes have impeded the advancement of scientific thought and public perception. Each folly is presented with clarity and depth, exploring how they manifest in various aspects of scientific practice and understanding. From the misapplication of scientific reasoning to blind adherence to outdated theories, Phin's examination highlights the importance of skepticism, critical thinking, and intellectual honesty in the scientific community.One of the key strengths of The Seven Follies of Science is its historical context. Phin draws upon a wide array of examples from the history of science, showcasing how past follies have shaped current scientific discourse. By highlighting notorious missteps in scientific history, he demonstrates the necessity of learning from these mistakes to foster genuine progress. Phin's in-depth analysis encourages readers to reflect on the evolution of scientific thought and the importance of maintaining a questioning attitude when engaging with scientific claims.Phin’s writing style is both engaging and accessible, making complex ideas approachable for a broad audience. He presents his arguments with wit and clarity, ensuring that his critique resonates with both scientific professionals and lay readers alike. Utilizing sharp observations and careful reasoning, the work poses thought-provoking questions that challenge conventional wisdom and invite the audience to participate in a critical discourse regarding the nature of scientific pursuit.Furthermore, The Seven Follies of Science serves as a pressing reminder of the ongoing struggle against pseudoscience and misinformation. In an era where scientific literacy is more crucial than ever, Phin's work underscores the need for effective communication between scientists and the public. He advocates for a more informed and educated society that values scientific inquiry while remaining vigilant against misinformation and fallacious reasoning.This book is not merely a critique of science; it is also a call to action. Phin challenges readers to engage actively with scientific ideas, advocate for critical thinking, and promote a culture that values skepticism and intellectual curiosity. By addressing the seven follies, he emphasizes the necessity of a balanced and informed approach to scientific understanding in order to combat the dangers of dogmatism and ignorance.In conclusion, The Seven Follies of Science is a compelling exploration of the pitfalls that can hinder scientific inquiry and reasoning. John Phin's insightful analysis invites readers to reflect on the historical and philosophical dimensions of science, ultimately fostering a greater appreciation for the complexity of the scientific enterprise. This book serves as a crucial resource for anyone interested in the philosophy of science, the history of scientific thought, and the importance of cultivating a skeptical mindset in the face of misinformation. It is a thought-provoking work that remains relevant in our contemporary context, reminding us that the pursuit of knowledge requires caution, humility, and continuous self-examination.

Impulsive Synchronization of Complex Dynamical Networks

Science & Nature

This book is mainly focused on the global impulsive synchronization of complex dynamical networks with different types of couplings, such as general state coupling, nonlinear state coupling, time-varying delay coupling, derivative state coupling, proportional delay coupling and distributed delay coupling. Studies on impulsive synchronization of complex dynamical networks have attracted engineers and scientists from various disciplines, such as electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, mathematics, network science, system engineering. Pursuing a holistic approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, while emphasizing the importance of network synchronization and the significant influence of impulsive control in the design and optimization of complex networks. The primary audience for the book would be the scholars and graduate students whose research topics including the network science, control theory, applied mathematics, system science and so on.

The Seven Follies of Science [2nd ed.]

Science & Nature

The Seven Follies of Science by John Phin: The Seven Follies of Science by John Phin is a thought-provoking book that examines seven misguided or flawed scientific ideas or practices throughout history. In this second edition, Phin offers updated insights and additional examples to illustrate the follies of the scientific world. Key Points: Critical Examination: Phin critically examines scientific ideas or practices that, despite initial enthusiasm or acceptance, ultimately proved to be flawed or misguided. He highlights the importance of questioning and scrutinizing scientific claims to avoid repeating past errors. Historical Perspective: The book provides a historical perspective by exploring the specific scientific follies of the past. Through these examples, Phin emphasizes the iterative and evolving nature of scientific knowledge, showcasing the lessons learned from past mistakes. Contemporary Relevance: While focusing on historical instances, Phin draws connections to contemporary scientific practices and warns against potential modern-day follies. By learning from the past, readers are encouraged to approach scientific advancements with a discerning and critical mindset.

Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Science & Nature

The second volume of the Book-Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology covers various emerging concepts in microbial technology which have been developed to harness the potential of the microbes. The book examines the microbes-based products that have widespread applications in various domains i.e., agriculture, biorefinery, bioremediation, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors. It focusses on recent advances and emerging topics such as CRISPR technology, advanced topics of genomics, including functional genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, and structural and system biology approaches for enhanced production of industrially relevant products. It further gives an insight into the advancement of genetic engineering with special emphasis on value-added products via microalgal systems and their techno-economics analysis and life cycle assessment. The book towards the end presents recent advancements in the use of microbes for the production of industrial relevant enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, and nutraceuticals, on vaccine development and their biomedical applications. The book is an essential source for researchers working in allied fields of microbiology, biotechnology, and bioengineering.

Le Mythe de l'individu

Science & Nature

Face à la " crise des valeurs " et à la " perte des repères ", l'individu semble être devenu le dernier rempart. Création de la modernité, l'autonomie du sujet social est perçue comme le symbole même de la liberté. C'est ce mythe inquestionné que Miguel Benasayag entend remettre en cause dans ce livre iconoclaste. Pour lui, loin d'être cette instance transhistorique et transculturelle, l'individu est une forme d'organisation sociale, il est le nom d'un projet économique, d'une vision du monde qui n'a rien de fatale. Et ceux qui, avec la meilleure volonté du monde, s'efforcent aujourd'hui de recréer du lien social entre les individus pour sauvegarder la vie face à la destruction capitaliste, ne font que renforcer la logique qu'ils pensent combattre : car dans le néolibéralisme avancé, l'individu est précisément le constituant du lien social régi par la loi du profit et de l'intérêt, l'atome indivisible de la massification. Pour sortir de cette double impasse, il faut, explique Miguel Benasayag, " abandonner la position du mirador " : celle de celui qui regarde le monde en situation d'extériorité, comme depuis un mirador. Position qui est aussi bien celle du réaliste tenant de la " pensée unique " - le monde est ce qu'il est, nous n'avons d'autre choix que de " faire avec " - que celle de son adversaire idéaliste - ce monde est inacceptable, changeons les mentalités et tout deviendra possible. Au fil d'un parcours philosophique aussi exigeant que passionnant, nourri notamment des œuvres de Spinoza et des néoplatoniciens, Miguel Benasayag explore les voies d'un renouveau de l'action politique. Il propose ici une théorie de l'émancipation qui dépasse l'opposition forts-faibles à la base du fonctionnement de nos sociétés, une " théorie de la situation " fondée sur la notion de " fragilité " comme dimension fondamentale de ce qui fait l'essence même de la vie. (Cette édition numérique reprend, à l'identique, la 2e édition de 2004)

Homeopathic First Aid for Wild Animals & Birds: Accidents and Emergencies

Science & Nature

NEW! Priced with sensitivity to the level of altruism shown by those who rescue and help sick or injured wild creatures, this eBook covers the major conditions one is likely to encounter. Whether it is a fledgling bird fallen from a nest, a swift or pigeon exhausted from flight, an animal injured at the roadside, a victim of a bungled shooting or any other emergency situation, this eBook should provide the 'good Samaritan' with the medical know-how to make a positive difference and increase the chances of the victim's survival. Christopher Day has 43 years of experience in veterinary practice and his childhood also encompassed such wildlife rescue work.

Curiosidad

Science & Nature

Hubo un tiempo en que la curiosidad era algo condenable: a fin de cuentas, por su culpa cometió Eva ese pecado original que al parecer aún estamos pagando. Y sin embargo, no es fácil frenar la curiosidad humana. Llevados por ella, hoy nos gastamos fortunas en construir un acelerador de partículas que nos permita "ver" el instante de la creación, o en mandar robots a planetas lejanos, y todavía hay quien le da vueltas a la idea de la piedra filosofal. Ese paso de vicio a virtud es el que recorre Philip Ball en este libro, una gran biografía coral de los químicos, astrónomos, físicos y demás científicos que rompieron barreras, que metieron la nariz donde nadie había osado meterla antes y que dieron paso a la ciencia moderna. Magia, religión, literatura, viajes, comercio e imperialismo se mezclan en un relato apasionante, que invita al lector a un viaje que no olvidará nunca: el gran tour por la historia de la curiosidad.

Penser la liberté

Science & Nature

Aujourd'hui, le constat est devenu banal : les idéologies qui fondaient l'engagement individuel et les luttes collectives pour l'émancipation se sont effondrées. Le conformisme réaliste s'est substitué au mythe du progrès. Et il est vrai que la logique déterministe qui sous-tendait ce dernier est définitivement brisée. Comment sortir de ce constat circulaire et désespérant sans produire de nouvelles illusions ? Comment construire une philosophie et une praxis de la liberté émancipées de " l'idée de progrès " ? C'est à ces questions difficiles que s'attaque ici le psychanalyste et philosophe Miguel Benasayag, poursuivant le travail de réflexion critique engagé dans ses ouvrages précédents, publiés à La Découverte : Utopie et liberté (1986) et, avec Edith Charlton, Critique du bonheur (1989) et Cette douce certitude du pire (1991). Pour y répondre, Miguel Benasayag analyse les deux grandes ruptures historiques qui marquent à ses yeux l'évolution de l'idée de liberté. La première est la " rupture nominaliste " qui, à partir du XIIe siècle, jeta les bases du mythe du progrès et de la modernité : c'est par elle que l'homme se constitua en sujet capable de regarder l'univers comme un objet, et fit de la connaissance le moyen de l'émancipation ; la seconde est la " grande crise de 1900 ", qui marque l'effondrement de ces catégories modernes et l'origine de la crise actuelle des valeurs : la pensée déterministe est alors triplement mise ne cause, par la découverte freudienne de l'inconscient, par la physique quantique et par l'irruption de l'indécidable en mathématiques. Au terme de ce parcours historique et philosophique, l'auteur explore les pistes d'une rationalité nouvelle, dégagée de toute téléologie. Faute de pouvoir " faire l'Histoire ", les hommes doivent penser ce qu'ils peuvent faire dans l'Histoire. En un mot : penser la liberté !

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

Science & Nature

Artificial Intelligence in health care has become one of the best assisting techniques for clinicians in proper diagnosis and surgery. In biomedical applications, artificial intelligence algorithms are explored for bio-signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG/ EKG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), blood pressure, heart rate, nerve conduction, etc., and for bio-imaging modalities, such as Computed Tomography (CT), Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), etc. Advancements in Artificial intelligence and big data has increased the development of innovative medical devices in health care applications. Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Medical Applications provides an overview of artificial intelligence in biomedical applications including both bio-signals and bio-imaging modalities. The chapters contain a mathematical formulation of algorithms and their applications in biomedical field including case studies. Biomedical engineers, advanced students, and researchers can use this book to apply their knowledge in artificial intelligence-based processes to biological signals, implement mathematical models and advanced algorithms, as well as develop AI-based medical devices. - Covers the recent advancements of artificial intelligence in healthcare, including case studies on how this technology can be used - Provides an understanding of the design of experiments to validate the developed algorithms - Presents an understanding of the versatile application of artificial intelligence in bio-signal and bio-image processing techniques

Chaos. Narodziny nowej nauki

Science & Nature

Narodziny nowej nauki Błyskotliwe i przystępnie napisane wprowadzenie do teorii chaosu, jednej z najbardziej znaczących koncepcji naukowych ostatnich dekad Współczesne badania chaosu zaczynają się w latach sześćdziesiątych XX wieku od odkrycia, że zupełnie proste równania matematyczne mogą modelować układy w każdym calu tak gwałtowne jak wodospady. Drobne różnice wyjściowe mogą szybko przekształcić się w potężne różnice końcowe. Zjawisko to otrzymało nazwę: wrażliwość na warunki początkowe. W pogodzie na przykład manifestuje się to w zjawisku żartobliwie nazwanym efektem motyla: motyl wywołujący dziś fale powietrza w Pekinie może być przyczyną huraganu w następnym miesiącu w Nowym Jorku. Kiedy badacze chaosu zaczęli myśleć o genealogii swej nowej nauki, znaleźli wiele intelektualnych śladów z przeszłości. Ale jedno było jasne: dla fizyków i matematyków prowadzących tę rewolucję w myśleniu punktem wyjścia był efekt motyla. Książka Jamesa Gleicka opisuje narodziny tej nowej nauki, która widzi porządek tam, gdzie dotychczas obserwowano tylko przypadek, nieład i nieprzewidywalność, czyli chaos. Jak mówi Douglas Hofstadter, "Okazuje się, że tajemniczy typ chaosu czai się tuż za fasadą porządku - i co więcej, głęboko wewnątrz chaosu czai się jeszcze bardziej tajemniczy typ porządku". „Fascynująca książka. . . Prawie każdy akapit zawiera wstrząsające odkrycie ". The New York Times „Ekscytujący wywód. . . Niezwykła ilustracja tego, jak zmienia się struktura nauki". The New York Times Book Review „Zaskakujące spojrzenie na nowo odkryte uniwersalne prawa". Chicago Tribune „Niezwykle inspirująca książka. Podczas lektury odniosłem takie wrażenie, jakby ktoś właśnie znalazł wyłącznik światła". Douglas Adams, autor Autostopem przez Galaktykę

Richard Ned Lebow: Major Texts on Methods and Philosophy of Science

Science & Nature

This book about the philosophy of science is the second out of four volumes by Richard Ned Lebow in this book series. It not only provides a useful overview of this broad topic, but also provides deeper insight into specific topics like the philosophy of science causation, epistemology and methods, and especially on counter factual analysis.

L'Agriculture algérienne, conditions et perspectives d'un développement réel

Science & Nature

Cette étude est particulièrement intéressante par la qualité des sources et de l’expérience de l’auteur qui a eu à connaître les problèmes réels en liaison avec ses responsabilités administratives. Elle se propose, après une description et une tentative d’analyse globale de l’agriculture algérienne, de déterminer des voies de recherche et d’apporter un début de réponse à trois questions qui semblent essentielles : 1. Quelles sont les causes de la régression du secteur autogéré et comment surmonter les handicaps actuels pour augmenter son niveau de rentabilité et donner à sa production une destination plus conforme aux intérêts nationaux ? 2. Quelles sont les causes de la paupérisation du secteur traditionnel et par quels moyens l’améliorer et l’insérer dans l’économie nationale ? 3. Comment atténuer le chômage rural en évitant le gonflement des secteurs parasitaires et la multiplication des chantiers de chômage ? L’auteur souligne que l’agriculture algérienne est loin d’avoir actualisé ses potentialités, et même d’avoir utilisé ses possibilités immédiates et, en ce sens, beaucoup de mesures restent à prendre. Mais ces mesures sont-elles suffisantes à elles seules pour assurer le dynamisme interne d’un développement continu qui puisse garantir l’indépendance économique et renforcer par la même l’indépendance politique ? Pour sa part, l’auteur estime que, pour gagner le pari du développement, l’économie algérienne doit « avancer des deux jambes ». Pour atteindre son plein essor, l’agriculture doit prendre appui sur une industrialisation basée sur l’utilisation des ressources naturelles et répondant aux besoins nationaux.

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