L'Univers élégant

L'Univers élégant

Les plus récentes découvertes de la physique expliquées par l'un de ses plus jeunes et brillants théoriciens. Le XXe siècle a vu naître les deux plus belles théories physiques jamais inventées. La première, la relativité générale, est l'œuvre d'un génie solitaire, Albert Einstein. Son domaine d'application est l'infiniment grand. La seconde, la mécanique quantique, est l'œuvre collective de certains des plus grands esprits de tous les temps. Son domaine d'application est l'infiniment petit. Ce sont ces deux théories qui font de la physique la "reine des sciences" - et elles sont, hélas, incompatibles entre elles. Lorsqu'on cherche à les réunir dans ce qu'on appelle "la théorie du tout", on se heurte à des difficultés insurmontables. Après la relativité générale et la mécanique quantique, l'avenir appartient-il à la "théorie des cordes" ? Aujourd'hui, une nouvelle théorie, la "théorie des cordes", semble en passe de réussir là où toutes les précédentes ont échoué : ce faisant, elle bouleverse notre conception de la matière, de l'espace et du temps. C'est l'histoire pleine de rebondissements de cette révolution en marche, où les particules élémentaires s'avèrent semblables à d'infimes bouts de ficelle, où l'espace-temps se déchire, se répare, se replie en dix dimensions invisibles, où le big-bang et les trous noirs prennent des formes inattendues, que nous raconte ici l'un de ses éminents acteurs.

Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications and their Fascinating Attributes

Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications and their Fascinating Attributes

Nanotechnology is a diverse science that has brought about new applications in fields such as colloidal science, device physics and supra molecular chemistry. Environmental pollution treatment by nanomaterials is an emerging application of nanotechnology. It is gaining importance because of the increased environmental challenges due to the impact of modern industrial activities. Industrial activity involves the production and use of various toxic organic and inorganic chemicals which pollute nearby water streams, indirectly influencing aquatic and human life. Thus, there is a need to protect the environment through the development of new technologies and by enacting awareness drives for environmental sustainability. This volume summarizes cutting-edge research on nanomaterial utilization for environmental challenges.Chapters introduce readers to the concepts of environmental protection, sustainability and monitoring. Readers will also learn about technologies used for keeping the environment safer, including ion exchangers, metallic oxide complexes, nanocomposite materials, porous membranes and nanocatalysts.This volume is intended to be an introductory reference for students and researchers undertaking advanced courses in materials science, environmental science and engineering, giving readers a glimpse into the fascinating world of nanotechnology.

TRILLION-DOLLAR STAKE OF CARBON NEUTRALITY, THE

TRILLION-DOLLAR STAKE OF CARBON NEUTRALITY, THE

The world has been witnessing an accelerating momentum toward carbon neutrality, with almost all major countries onboard. The stakes are extremely high with over US$100 trillion in investments needed to achieve net zero emissions. This book delves into this intricate multi-trillion-dollar landscape of opportunities and challenges. The detailed, project-level examination in this book will provide direct insights for interested parties to position themselves.Focusing on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), home to 86 million people and a $1.7 trillion economy, the narrative unfolds against the backdrop of China's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, as well as their respective positions next to the rest of the world in the race to carbon neutrality. For the GBA and Hong Kong, carbon neutrality corresponds to nearly a US$1 trillion stake in energy infrastructures. This book meticulously dissects the trillion-dollar stake from the bottom-up.The energy sector is destined to experience fundamental changes in the coming decades; demand for a vast number of new infrastructures will only grow, while many existing, fossil-fuel infrastructures may become obsolete. Jobs, money, and regions are expected to shift dramatically with winners and losers. This book documents and analyzes individual projects, covering fossil-fuel, electric, and CO2 infrastructures. The impacts on existing infrastructures and the demand of future ones will be quantitatively examined to diagnose the stake in detail. Gaps will be evaluated and the necessary pace of changes in the next three decades will be sketched. The trillion-dollar stake will be discussed about its associated significant challenges and opportunities.Tailored for policy-makers, businesses, and decision-makers navigating the carbon-neutral landscape, this book is an invaluable resource for professionals, industry players, and academic courses addressing energy resources, climate change and CO2 mitigation.Contents: IntroductionFossil Fuel InfrastructuresNon-Fossil Fuel InfrastructuresEnergy Infrastructure Gap of Carbon NeutralityChallenges and OpportunitiesConclusion and ImplicationsReadership: Governments, policy-makers, businesses, and decision-makers interested in carbon neutrality. Key Features: This book provides a bottom-up approach and detailed accounting of energy infrastructures to diagnose the massive stake of carbon neutrality This book's unique, bottom-up approach to investigate individual infrastructure projects in detail, brings carbon neutrality much closer to potentially affected stakeholders in the larger carbon-neutral race This book is an invaluable resource for professionals, industry players, and academic courses addressing energy resources, climate change and CO2 mitigation

Science Under Siege

Science Under Siege

Two of the world’s most respected scientists reveal the forces behind the dangerous anti-science movement—and show us how to fight back From pandemics to the climate crisis, humanity faces tougher challenges than ever. Whether it’s the health of our people or the health of our planet, we know we are on an unsustainable path. But our efforts to effectively tackle these existential crises are now hampered by a common threat: politically and ideologically motivated opposition to science. Michael E. Mann and Peter J. Hotez are two of the most respected and well-known scientists in the world and have spent the last twenty years on the front lines of the battle to convey accurate, reliable, and trustworthy information about science in the face of determined and nihilistic opposition. In this powerful manifesto, they reveal the five main forces threatening science: plutocrats, pros, petrostates, phonies, and the press. It is a call to arms and a road map for dismantling the forces of anti-science. Armed with the information in this book, we can be empowered to promote scientific truths, shine light on channels of dark money, dismantle the corporations poisoning the planet, and ultimately avert disaster.  

Wireless Communication-the fundamental and advanced concepts

Wireless Communication-the fundamental and advanced concepts

Wireless communication is one of the fastest growing fields in the engineering world today. Rapid growth in the domain of wireless communication systems, services and application has drastically changed the way we live, work and communicate. Wireless communication offers a broad and dynamic technological field, which has stimulated incredible excitements and technological advancements over last few decades. The expectations from wireless communication technology are increasing every day. This is placing enormous challenges to wireless system designers. Moreover, this has created an ever increasing demand for conceptually strong and well versed communication engineers who understand the wireless technology and its future possibilities. In recent years, significant progress in wireless communication system design has taken place, which will continue in future. Especially for last two decades, the research contributions in wireless communication system design have resulted in several new concepts and inventions at remarkable speed. A text book is indeed required to offer familiarity with such developments and underlying concepts, to be taught in the classroom to future engineers. This is one of the motivations for writing this book. Practically no book can be up to date in this field, due to the fast ongoing research and developments. The new developments are announced almost every day. Teaching directly from the research papers in the classroom cannot build the necessary foundation. Therefore need for a textbook is unavoidable, which is integral to learning, and is an essential source to build the concept. The prime goal of this book is to cooperate in the learning process.

The Fourth Revolution

The Fourth Revolution

Who are we, and how do we relate to each other? Luciano Floridi argues that the explosive developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is changing the answer to these fundamental human questions. Are our technologies going to enable and empower us, or constrain us?

Environments of Intelligence

Environments of Intelligence

What is the role of the environment, and of the information it provides, in cognition? More specifically, may there be a role for certain artefacts to play in this context? These are questions that motivate "4E" theories of cognition (as being embodied, embedded, extended, enactive). In his take on that family of views, Hajo Greif first defends and refines a concept of information as primarily natural, environmentally embedded in character, which had been eclipsed by information-processing views of cognition. He continues with an inquiry into the cognitive bearing of some artefacts that are sometimes referred to as 'intelligent environments'. Without necessarily having much to do with Artificial Intelligence, such artefacts may ultimately modify our informational environments.With respect to human cognition, the most notable effect of digital computers is not that they might be able, or become able, to think but that they alter the way we perceive, think and act.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com/doi/view/10.4324/9781315401867, has been made available under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence

Fight Global Warming Now

Fight Global Warming Now

Bestselling author Bill McKibben turns activist in the first hands-on guidebook to stopping climate change, the world's greatest threatHurricane Katrina. A rapidly disappearing Arctic. The warmest winter on the East Coast in recorded history. The leading scientist at NASA warns that we have only ten years to reverse climate change; the British government's report on global warming estimates that the financial impact will be greater than the Great Depression and both world wars—combined. Bill McKibben, the author of the first major book on global warming, The End of Nature, warns that it's no longer time to debate global warming, it's time to fight it.Drawing on the experience of Step It Up, a national day of rallies held on April 14, 2007, McKibben and the Step It Up team of organizers provide the facts of what must change to save the climate and show how to build the fight in your community, church, or college. They describe how to launch online grassroots campaigns, generate persuasive political pressure, plan high-profile events that will draw media attention, and other effective actions. Fight Global Warming Now offers an essential blueprint for a mighty new movement against the most urgent challenge facing us today.

Atlas Of Physarum Computing

Atlas Of Physarum Computing

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large cell visible by the unaided eye. It behaves as an intelligent nonlinear spatially extended active medium encapsulated in an elastic membrane. The cell optimises its growth patterns in configurations of attractants and repellents. This behaviour is interpreted as computation. Numerous prototypes of slime mould computers were designed to solve problems of computational geometry, graphs and transport networks and to implement universal computing circuits.In this unique set of scientific photographs and micrographs, the leading experts in computer science, biology, chemistry and material science illustrate in superb detail the nature of the slime mould computers and hybrid devices. Every photograph or micrograph in this book is of real scientific, theoretical or technological interest. Each entry includes a self-contained description of how the visualised phenomenon is used in the relevant slime mould computer.This atlas is unique in providing the depth and breadth of knowledge in harnessing behaviour of the slime mould to perform computation. It will help readers to understand how exploitation of biological processes has sparked new ideas and spurred progress in many fields of science and engineering.Contents:Slime Mould Gates, Roads and Sensors (Andrew Adamatzky)Multi-Agent Model of Slime Mould for Computing and Robotics (Jeff Jones)Slime Mould Biotechnology (Richard Mayne)Slime Mould Interactions with Chemicals and Materials (Benjamin De Lacy Costello)Basic Features of Slime Mould Motility (Tomohiro Shirakawa)Slime Mould Grown on Polymer Layers (Alice Dimonte, Tatiana Berzina and Victor Erokhin)Diversity of Slime Mould Circuits (Martin Grube)Slime Mould Fluids and Networks from an Artist's Point of View (Theresa Schubert)Readership: Students and researchers interested in biological processes and computing.Key Features:Full of interesting photos and illustrations, which appeal not only to experts but to laymen and general publicThe contents are of real scientific, theoretical, or technological interest — guaranteed to make every geek's heart pound a little faster A unique compilation of new knowledge and its integration with existing informationThe Atlas provides a concise review of each thematic unit, with spreads of color illustrations and accompanying text that allows for speedy comprehension of key conceptsAll topics related to the slime mould are not covered well in mass media (newspapers, TV, pop-sci films and documentaries); therefore, the publication of the Atlas will be met warmly and is expected to attract huge support of academic and public outreach communities

OSCILLATORS, TRANSISTORS, TRANSFORMERS, ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS, RELAYS, SWITCHES, AMPLIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLY

OSCILLATORS, TRANSISTORS, TRANSFORMERS, ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS, RELAYS, SWITCHES, AMPLIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLY

CONTENT by CHAPTER: INTRODUCTION - Electrical Terminology 1.Transformers, 28 slides 2. Electrical Circuits, 25 slides 3. Basic Power Supplies, 32 slides 4. Relays & Switches, 22 slides 5. Calculate Capacitive Reactance, Impedance & the operating parameters of an RC type Ckt., 30 slides 6. Transients in LR Circuits, 21 slides 7. Transients in RC Circuits, 29 slides 8. LCR Circuits, 24 slides 9. AC Resistive Circuits, 14 slides 10. Test Equipment Operation, 37 slides 11. Intoduction To Alternating Current, 27 slides 12. Sinewave Oscillators, 26 slides 13. Blocking Oscillator, 19 slides 14. Multivibrators, 24 slides 15. Superheterodyne Receiver, 29 slides 16. Schmitt Trigger, 14 slides 17. Parallell Resonant Circuits, 24 slides 18. Multistage Amplifiers, 24 slides 19. Basic Transistors, 20 slides   20. Field Effect Transistors, 22 slides   21. Special Purpose Devices, 20 slides 22. Operational Amplifiers, 23 slides 23. Voltage Regulators, 28 slides 24. RC Coupled Amplifiers, 24 pages  25. Solid State Power Supplies, 17 pages 26. Semiconductor Diodes, 20 slides 27. VIDEO: Electricity For Beginners (Public Domain; 1950s; color) 28. VIDEO: Principles Of Electricity (1945; Public Domain; color)

Vibration of Nearly Periodic Structures and Mistuned Bladed Rotors

Vibration of Nearly Periodic Structures and Mistuned Bladed Rotors

This is the first comprehensive volume on nearly periodic structures and mistuned blade vibration. Alok Sinha presents fundamental concepts and state-of-the-art techniques in the analysis of free and forced response of a nearly periodic structure, weaving together his own work (covering thirty-five years of research in this field) with works by other researchers. He also discusses similarities between tools used in bladed rotor analysis and condensed matter physics. Specific subjects covered include the reasons behind mode localization, the reasons behind amplitude amplification of steady-state response, state-of-the-art computational techniques for mistuned bladed rotors including multistage rotors, identification of mistuning from measured response, vibration localization in linear atomic chains, and analysis of two-dimensional periodic structures.

On Gödel and the Nonexistence of Time – Gödel und die Nichtexistenz der Zeit

On Gödel and the Nonexistence of Time – Gödel und die Nichtexistenz der Zeit

Kurt Gödel was not just a brilliant logician but contributed also important results to the general theory of relativity. In the 1940s he found a solution to Einstein's field equations which (roughly speaking) allows for time-travel, i.e. compromises our very notion of time. This book brings together the contributions to the Kurt Gödel essay competition on the question: "What does it mean for our world view if, according to Gödel, we also assume the non-existence of time?”  Kurt Gödel war nicht nur ein brillanter Logiker, sondern trug auch wichtige Ergebnisse zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie bei. In den 1940er Jahren fand er eine Lösung für die Einsteinschen Feldgleichungen, die (grob gesagt) Zeitreisen ermöglicht, d.h. unsere Vorstellung von Zeit in Frage stellt. Dieses Buch versammelt die Beiträge zum Kurt-Gödel-Aufsatzwettbewerb zu der Frage: "Was bedeutet es für unser Weltbild, wenn wir mit Gödel die Nichtexistenz der Zeit annehmen?"  Selected content – Ausgewählter Inhalt Remark about the relationship between Relativity Theory and Idealistic Philosophy – Kurt Gödel (1949) Excerpts from: Time Travel and Time Machines – Christopher Smeenk and Christian Wüthrich The philosophical meaning of the Gödel universe  – Reinhard Kahle Die philosophische Bedeutung des Gödel-Universums  – Reinhard Kahle Gödel’s Temporal Idealism: A Reply to Prof. Kahle – Palle Yourgrau What does it mean for our world-view if we assume with Gödel the non-existence of time? – Claus Kiefer Was bedeutet es für unser Weltbild, wenn wir mit Gödel die Nichtexistenz der Zeit annehmen? – Claus Kiefer

Lead Toxicity Mitigation: Sustainable Nexus Approaches

Lead Toxicity Mitigation: Sustainable Nexus Approaches

This edited book brings together a diverse group of researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by lead contamination of soil and plants. Lead is among the elements that have been most extensively used by man over time. This has led to extensive pollution of surface soils on the local scale, mainly associated with mining and smelting of the metal and addition of organic lead compounds to petrol. Release of lead to the atmosphere from various high-temperature processes has led to surface contamination on the regional and even global scale. Lead is particularly strongly bound to humic matter in organic-rich soil and to iron oxides in mineral soil and is rather immobile in the soil unless present at very high concentrations. In addition, plants grown on lead-rich soils incorporate lead and thus the concentration of lead in crop plants may be increased. Lead enters in the food chain through consumption of plant material. A high concentration of lead has been found to be harmful to vegetation. As the lead concentration increases, it adversely affects several biological parameters and eventually renders the soil barren. The book sheds light on this global environmental issue and proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches.This book contains three sections. First section describes the different sources and distribution of lead in soil and plant ecosystems. Second section explains the health risks linked to lead toxicity. Third section addresses sustainable lead toxicity mitigation strategies using the potential applications of recent biological technology.This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals doing field work on contamination throughout the world.

Rassismus und kulturelle Identität

Rassismus und kulturelle Identität

Band 2 erörtert zwei gegensätzliche Formen der Kulturpolitik "schwarzer" Bewegungen. Hall verbindet dabei eine Präsentation historischen Materials und theoretischer Strömungen mit begrifflicher Arbeit an Kategorien wie "Kultur", "Identität", "Differenz". Der Autor: Stuart Hall, 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, geboren, lebt sei 1951 in England. Als eine der führenden Personen in der "Neuen Linken" war er der erste Herausgeber der New Left Review, 1964 baute er an der Universität Birmingham das Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies mit auf, dessen Direktor er bis 1979 war. Bis zu seiner Emeritierung im Jahre 1997 war er Professor für Soziologie an der Open University. Stuart Hall ist nicht nur einer der wichtigsten Begründer der Cultural Studies. Sein Einfluss ist vor allem deshalb so entscheidend, weil er sich immer neuen theoretischen und politischen Fragen stellt, Grenzen überschreitet und dabei am Anspruch festhält, das unlösbare Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Theorie und Praxis aufrechtzuerhalten. Denn Theorie ist für ihn immer eingreifende Theorie im Interesse der Befreiung. "Geht dieses Spannungsverhältnis verloren, kann man zwar eine hervorragende intellektuelle Arbeit leisten, aber man verliert die intellektuelle Praxis, die Politik."

Facing Gaia

Facing Gaia

The emergence of modern sciences in the seventeenth century profoundly renewed our understanding of nature. For the last three centuries new ideas of nature have been continually developed by theology, politics, economics, and science, especially the sciences of the material world. The situation is even more unstable today, now that we have entered an ecological mutation of unprecedented scale. Some call it the Anthropocene, but it is best described as a new climatic regime. And a new regime it certainly is, since the many unexpected connections between human activity and the natural world oblige every one of us to reopen the earlier notions of nature and redistribute what had been packed inside. So the question now arises: what will replace the old ways of looking at nature? This book explores a potential candidate proposed by James Lovelock when he chose the name 'Gaia' for the fragile, complex system through which living phenomena modify the Earth. The fact that he was immediately misunderstood proves simply that his readers have tried to fit this new notion into an older frame, transforming Gaia into a single organism, a kind of giant thermostat, some sort of New Age goddess, or even divine Providence. In this series of lectures on 'natural religion,' Bruno Latour argues that the complex and ambiguous figure of Gaia offers, on the contrary, an ideal way to disentangle the ethical, political, theological, and scientific aspects of the now obsolete notion of nature. He lays the groundwork for a future collaboration among scientists, theologians, activists, and artists as they, and we, begin to adjust to the new climatic regime.

Applied Food Science and Engineering with Industrial Applications

Applied Food Science and Engineering with Industrial Applications

Applied Food Science and Engineering with Industrial Applications highlights the latest advances and research in the interdisciplinary field of food engineering, emphasizing food science as well as quality assurance. The volume provides detailed technical and scientific background of technologies and their potential applications in food preservation. The volume’s broad perspective reflects the expertise of international and interdisciplinary engineers, drawing on that of food technologists, microbiologists, chemists, mechanical engineers, biochemists, geneticists, and others. The volume will be valuable and useful for researchers, scientists, and engineers, as well as for graduate students in this dynamic field. This book is a rich resource on recent research innovations in food science and engineering with industrial applications, presenting a practical, unique and challenging blend of principles and applications.

La straordinaria avventura di una vita che nasce

La straordinaria avventura di una vita che nasce

Questo libro racconta una straordinaria avventura: quella di una semplice cellula fecondata, così piccola da essere invisibile a occhio nudo, che moltiplicandosi in miliardi di altre cellule riesce a diventare, in soli nove mesi, un Homo sapiens.La straordinaria avventura di una vita che nasce è la cronaca di questa crescita, raccontata in base alle più recenti scoperte scientifiche. Ma è anche un utilissimo strumento per rispondere ai dubbi, alle curiosità e ai timori dei neogenitori su tutti gli argomenti relativi al benessere di mamma e bambino, dai problemi legati alla fertilità allo sviluppo psicofisico del neonato.

After Paris

After Paris

This paper discusses the implications of climate change for fiscal, financial, and macroeconomic policies. Most pressing is the use of carbon taxes (or equivalent trading systems) to implement the emissions mitigation pledges submitted by 186 countries for the December 2015 Paris Agreement while providing revenue for lowering other taxes or debt. Carbon pricing in developing countries would effectively mobilize climate finance, and carbon price floor arrangements are a promising way to coordinate policies internationally. Targeted fiscal measures that are tailored to national circumstances and robust across climate scenarios are needed to counter private sector under-investment in climate adaptation. And increased disclosure of carbon footprints, stress testing of asset values, and greater proliferation of hedging instruments, will facilitate low-emission investments and climate risk diversification through financial markets.

La puissance du vivant

La puissance du vivant

Les structures biologiques n'existent que parce qu'elles sont capables de recevoir et de transmettre des informations et parce qu'elles établissent en permanence des interactions multiples avec leur environnement. Que l'on se place à l'échelle de la molécule, de la cellule, de l'organisme ou des populations, les mêmes mécanismes déterminent la même variété de comportements dynamiques : transitions entre états stationnaires (maladies à prions par exemple), activités périodiques (des oscillations métaboliques les plus simples aux rythmes physiologiques les plus complexes), chaos (comme dans le cas des battements cardiaques). Les couplages et autres non-linéarités internes peuvent aussi bien engendrer un ordre macroscopique émergeant de la multitude des processus élémentaires que, dans d'autres conditions, faire apparaître, au-delà d'une bifurcation, un nouveau régime de fonctionnement, une nouvelle forme. Le ruisseau trace son chemin au gré des accidents géologiques qu'il contribue à créer. Il contourne les montagnes, emprunte les vallées, se joue des déclivités par un jeu de cascades. Un système biologique dynamique possède ses propres attracteurs, ses bifurcations et ses seuils. Comme le ruisseau, il lui faut trouver son chemin au sein de paysages dont les reliefs sont accidentés, les paysages morphogénétiques. Mais toute cellule est issue de la division d'une cellule existante. Cette observation, jamais mise en défaut chez aucun organisme, souligne la nécessité d'une continuité structurale et va bien au-delà de l'indispensable duplication du matériel génétique. Elle montre l'insuffisance du concept d'auto-organisation qui sous-tend le consensus actuel autour de l'idée de « programme » génétique. Une cellule vivante n'émerge pas de l'assemblage spontané de ses constituants élémentaires : seule une cellule a la capacité de donner naissance à une autre cellule. C'est probablement l'une des principales raisons qui contribue à faire que l'origine de la vie est et reste l'un des plus profonds mystères de la biologie. C'est aussi pourquoi la connaissance que l'on peut avoir des structures moléculaires des systèmes vivants est tout autant nécessaire qu'insuffisante. Par sa nature pluridisciplinaire, ce livre s'adresse à un large public qui y trouvera une réflexion critique sur une discipline, la biologie, qui trop souvent oublie que son niveau de description pertinent est, en dernière analyse, celui de l'organisme. Sommaire : Retournement des alliances Unité cellulaire Ordre et information moléculaires Choix et alternatives Comportements périodiques Naissance et mort d'une cellule Champs morphogénétiques Systèmes biologiques et chaos Pour mémoire...

Distributed Cooperative Control of Multi-agent Systems

Distributed Cooperative Control of Multi-agent Systems

A detailed and systematic introduction to the distributed cooperative control of multi-agent systems from a theoretical, network perspective Features detailed analysis and discussions on the distributed cooperative control and dynamics of multi-agent systems Covers comprehensively first order, second order and higher order systems, swarming and flocking behaviors Provides a broad theoretical framework for understanding the fundamentals of distributed cooperative control