Attention

Attention

A suitably engrossing investigation of attention through many disciplines and ways of life, from neuroscience to surfing.If there is one thing we are short on these days, it’s attention. Attention is central to everything we do and think, yet it is mostly an intangible force, an invisible thing that connects us as subjects with the world around us. We pay attention to this or that, let our attention wander—we even stand at attention from time to time—yet rarely do we attend to attention itself. In this book, Gay Watson does just that, musing on attention as one of our most human impulses.As Watson shows, the way we think about attention is usually through its instrumentality, by what can be achieved if we give something enough of it—say, a crisply written report, a newly built bookcase, or even a satisfied child who has yearned for engagement. Yet in losing ourselves to the objects of our fixation, we often neglect the process of attention itself. Exploring everything from attention’s effects on our neurons to attention deficit disorder, from the mindfulness movement to the relationship between attention and creativity, Watson examines attention in action through many disciplines and ways of life. Along the way, she offers interviews with an astonishing cast of creative people—from composers to poets to artists to psychologists—including John Luther Adams, Stephen Batchelor, Sue Blackmore, Guy Claxton, Edmund de Waal, Rick Hanson, Jane Hirshfield, Wayne Macgregor, Iain McGilchrist, Garry Fabian Miller, Alice and Peter Oswald, Ruth Ozeki, and James Turrell.A valuable and timely account of something central to our lives yet all too often neglected, this book will appeal to anyone who has felt their attention under threat in the clamors of modern life.

The Art of Explanation

The Art of Explanation

**From BBC presenter and journalist Ros Atkins, creator of the viral 'Ros Atkins on...' explainer videos and host of the forthcoming BBC Radio 4 podcast 'Communicating with Ros Atkins'**'A great read for polishing your communication skills' FORBES 'For all those who want their audiences to listen and understand' JEREMY BOWEN 'Precision, deftness and a calming expertise' THE TIMES Do you worry about holding people's attention during presentations?Are you unsure where to start when faced with writing an essay or report?Are you preparing for an interview and wondering how to get all your points across?Explanation - identifying and communicating what we want to say - is an art. And the BBC presenter and journalist Ros Atkins, creator of the viral 'Ros Atkins on...' explainer videos, is something of a master of the form. In this book, Ros shares the secrets he has learned from years of working in high-pressure newsrooms, identifying the ten elements of a good explanation and the seven steps you need to take to express yourself with clarity and impact.Whether at work, school, university or home, we all benefit from being able to articulate ourselves clearly. Filled with practical examples, The Art of Explanation is a must-read for anyone who wants to sharpen their communication skills.

Fördern im Mathematikunterricht der Primarstufe

Fördern im Mathematikunterricht der Primarstufe

Der Umgang mit Lernschwierigkeiten und Lernschwächen stellt eine der großen Herausforderungen für den Mathematikunterricht aller Schulstufen dar. Dieser kann zum einen mit zusätzlichen Fördermaßnahmen (schulisch oder außerschulisch) begegnet werden, zum anderen ist aber wichtig, dass bereits innerhalb des regulären Mathematikunterrichts eine geeignete und gezielte Förderung erfolgt. Dazu gibt das vorliegende Buch Hinweise. Im ersten Teil befasst sich das Buch mit grundsätzlichen Überlegungen zum Mathematikunterricht, u. a. auch mit der Rolle der Lehrperson, und gibt einen ausführlichen Überblick über die Thematik mathematischer Lernschwierigkeiten und -schwächen. Mit Ausführungen zur Diagnostik, zur Ablösung vom zählenden Rechnen oder zum Einsatz von Arbeitsmitteln und Veranschaulichungen werden wichtige Bereiche eines fördernden Mathematikunterrichts praxisnah dargestellt. Anschließend erfolgen für ausgewählte zentrale Inhalte der Bereiche Arithmetik, Geometrie und Sachrechnen konkrete Fördervorschläge. Das Buch wendet sich hauptsächlich an Studierende für das Lehramt im Primarbereich, aber auch an Studierende für das Lehramt Förderschule sowie an alle Lehrkräfte in diesen Bereichen, die sich zum Thema „Fördern im Mathematikunterricht" fortbilden wollen.

Advanced Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalysts for Metal-Air Batteries

Advanced Bifunctional Electrochemical Catalysts for Metal-Air Batteries

Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.

Mehr als die Summe der Teile

Mehr als die Summe der Teile

Von der Physik bis zur Informationstheorie und Kosmologie, von der Struktur tierischer Gesellschaften bis zur linguistischen Analyse der menschlichen Schrift zeigen Systeme, die aus vielen interagierenden Bestandteilen bestehen, oft ein kollektives Verhalten, das sich nicht aus der Interaktion der einzelnen Bestandteile vorhersagen lässt. In Mehr als die Summe der Teile befasst sich Helmut Satz mit verschiedenen Formen dieses komplexen Verhaltens, die erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten gründlich untersucht worden sind. Obwohl diese Studien ihren Ursprung in der Physik haben, erweist sich das Verhalten als universell und reicht von der Struktur des frühen Universums über die Bildung von Vogelschwärmen bis hin zur Häufigkeit von Wörtern in literarischen Texten. Die Komplexität wird somit zu einem immer wichtigeren interdisziplinären Bereich für die künftige wissenschaftliche Forschung.Auf konzeptionelle und nicht-technische Weise erschließt Satz dieses spannende Gebiet für eine allgemeine Leserschaft und für Studierende aller naturwissenschaftlichen Fächer.Der AutorHelmut Satz ist emeritierter Professor für Theoretische Physik an der Universität Bielefeld und gehört der Universität seit 1971 an. Von 1989 bis 1996 war er Mitarbeiter am Europäischen Zentrum für Kernforschung CERN in Genf. Im Laufe seiner Karriere hat er rund 250 wissenschaftliche Arbeiten und Bücher verfasst.

Climat : comment éviter un désastre

Climat : comment éviter un désastre

Objectif zéro carbone : les solutions de Bill Gates. Dans ce livre urgent, Bill Gates propose un vaste plan à la fois pragmatique et accessible pour atteindre le zéro carbone à temps et éviter ainsi une catastrophe climatique. Bill Gates a passé une décennie à enquêter sur les causes et les effets du changement climatique. Avec l’aide d’experts dans les domaines de la physique, de la chimie, de la biologie, de l’ingénierie, des sciences politiques et de la finance, il s’est concentré sur ce qui doit être fait pour empêcher une catastrophe environnementale. Dans cet essai, il explique non seulement pourquoi nous devons cesser d’émettre des gaz à effet de serre, mais détaille également ce que nous devons faire pour atteindre cet objectif crucial. Il expose très clairement les défis auxquels nous sommes confrontés. S’appuyant sur sa compréhension de l’innovation et de ce qui est nécessaire pour introduire de nouvelles idées sur le marché, il décrit les domaines dans lesquels la technologie contribue déjà à réduire les émissions, expose les moyens de rendre la technologie actuelle plus efficace, tout en présentant les technologies de pointe nécessaires et ceux qui travaillent sur ces innovations essentielles. Enfin, il présente un plan concret pour atteindre l’objectif zéro carbone – non seulement les politiques que les gouvernements doivent adopter, mais aussi ce que nous pouvons faire en tant qu’individus pour que notre gouvernement, nos employeurs et nous-même participions à cette entreprise décisive. Bill Gates l’affirme sans détour : atteindre le zéro carbone ne sera ni simple ni facile, mais si nous suivons le plan qu’il présente ici, c’est un objectif à notre portée.

Inter-University Cooperation

Inter-University Cooperation

​Inter-university cooperation across the world has shown several positive outcomes in terms of knowledge exchange as well as R&D benefits. This book portrays best practices of inter-university cooperation between Italian and American universities, while featuring agreements of Sapienza University of Rome. This book presents conceptual and implementation specifics of cooperation, policy perspectives, as well as a selection of framework agreements of current cooperation initiatives. Aimed at university professors, education and R&D policy makers, this book shall prove worthy as a guideline to initiate and implement inter-university cooperation globally.

Advances in Physarum Machines

Advances in Physarum Machines

This book is devoted to Slime mould Physarum polycephalum, which is a large single cell capable for distributed sensing, concurrent information processing, parallel computation and decentralized actuation. The ease of culturing and experimenting with Physarum makes this slime mould an ideal substrate for real-world implementations of unconventional sensing and computing devices The book is a treatise of theoretical and experimental laboratory studies on sensing and computing properties of slime mould, and on the development of mathematical and logical theories of Physarum behavior. It is shown how to make logical gates and circuits, electronic devices (memristors, diodes, transistors, wires, chemical and tactile sensors) with the slime mould. The book demonstrates how to modify properties of Physarum computing circuits with functional nano-particles and polymers, to interface the slime mould with field-programmable arrays, and touse Physarum as a controller of microbial fuel cells. A unique multi-agent model of slime is shown to serve well as a software slime mould capable for solving problems of computational geometry and graph optimization. The multiagent model is complemented by cellular automata models with parallel accelerations. Presented mathematical models inspired by Physarum include non-quantum implementation of Shor's factorization, structural learning, computation of shortest path tree on dynamic graphs, supply chain network design, p-adic computing and syllogistic reasoning.   The book is a unique composition of vibrant and lavishly illustrated essays which will inspire scientists, engineers and artists to exploit natural phenomena in designs of future and emergent computing and sensing devices. It is a 'bible' of experimental computing with spatially extended living substrates, it spanstopics from biology of slime mould, to bio-sensing, to unconventional computing devices androbotics, non-classical logics and music and arts.  

The Physics of Climate Change

The Physics of Climate Change

The first book to briefly and clearly present the science of climate change in a way that is accessible to laypeople, providing the perspective needed to understand and assess the foundations and predictions of climate change.  “Brilliant and fundamental, this is the necessary book about our prime global emergency. Here you’ll find the facts, the processes, the physics of our complex and changing climate, but delivered with eloquence and urgency. Lawrence Krauss writes with a clarity that transcends mere politics. Prose and poetry were never better bedfellows.” —Ian McEwan, Booker Prize-winning author of Solar and Machines Like Me   "The ideal book for understanding the science of global warming..at once elegant, rigorous, and timely." — Elizabeth Kolbert, Pulitzer Prizewinning author of The Sixth Extinction “A brief, brilliant, and charming summary of what physicists know about climate change and how they learned it.” —Sheldon Glashow, Nobel Laureate in Physics, Metcalf Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Boston University “The distinguished scientist Lawrence Krauss turns his penetrating gaze on the most pressing existential threat facing our world: climate change. It is brimming with information lucidly analysed. Such hope as there is lies in science, and a physicist of Dr. Krauss’s imaginative versatility is unusually qualified to offer it.” —Richard Dawkins, author of The Blind Watchmaker and Science in the Soul “Lucid and gripping, this study of the most severe challenge humans have ever faced leads the reader from the basic physics of climate change to recognition of the damage that humans have already caused and on to the prospects that lie ahead if we do not change course soon.” —Noam Chomsky, Laureate Professor, University of Arizona, author of Internationalism or Extinction? “Lawrence Krauss tells the story of climate change with erudition, urgency, and passion. It is our great good luck that one of our most brilliant scientists is also such a gifted writer. This book will change the way we think about the future.” —Jennifer Finney Boylan, author of Good Boy and She’s Not There “Everything on climate change that I’ve seen is either dumbed down and bossy or written for other climate scientists. I’ve been looking for a book that can let me, a layperson, understand the science. This book does just what I was looking for. It is important.” —Penn Jillette, Magician, author of Presto! and God, No! “The renowned physicist Lawrence Krauss makes the science behind one of the most important issues of our time accessible to all.” —Richard C. J. Somerville, Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego “Lawrence Krauss is a fine physicist, a talented writer, and a scientist deeply engaged with public affairs. His book deserves wide readership. The book’s eloquent exposition of the science and the threats should enlighten all readers and motivate them to an urgent concern about our planet’s future.” —Lord Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal, former president of the Royal Society, author of On the Future: Prospects for Humanity

Un brilliant avenir

Un brilliant avenir

On peut brosser un tableau du secteur des énergies renouvelables plein d'ombre et de lumière.Ces dernières années ont vu de fantastiques avancées des énergies vertes, grâce au progrès des technologies et à la baisse des coûts de production.Mais nous n'en faisons pas assez.Fatih Birol, le directeur de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie, estime qu'en dépit des progrès accomplis, il reste encore beaucoup à entreprendre en faveur des énergies renouvelables. Il faut agir avec bien plus de vigueur pour garantir l'accès de tous à l'énergie et pour ralentir les changements climatiques, réduire la pollution et assurer la viabilité du monde.Il s'agit ici du sixième article de la série des " Grandes idées " créée par la Banque européenne d'investissement.

The Ethics of Vaccination

The Ethics of Vaccination

This open access book discusses individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to vaccination from the perspective of philosophy and public health ethics. It addresses the issue of what it means for a collective to be morally responsible for the realisation of herd immunity and what the implications of collective responsibility are for individual and institutional responsibilities.The first chapter introduces some key concepts in the vaccination debate, such as ‘herd immunity’, ‘public goods’, and ‘vaccine refusal’; and explains why failure to vaccinate raises certain ethical issues. The second chapter analyses, from a philosophical perspective, the relationship between individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to the realisation of herd immunity. The third chapter is about the principle of least restrictive alternative in public health ethics and its implications for vaccination policies. Finally, the fourth chapter presents an ethical argument for unqualified compulsory vaccination, i.e. for compulsory vaccination that does not allow for any conscientious objection. The book would appeal both philosophers interested in public health ethics and the general public interested in the philosophical underpinning of different arguments about our moral obligations with regard to vaccination.

Global Change and the Earth System

Global Change and the Earth System

The interactions between environmental change and human societies have a long, complex history spanning many millennia, but these have changed fundamentally in the last century. Human activities are now so pervasive and profound that they are altering the Earth in ways which threaten the very life support system upon which humans depend. This book describes what is known about the Earth System and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth System and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth System science in support of global sustainability.

The Theory of Ecology

The Theory of Ecology

Despite claims to the contrary, the science of ecology has a long history of building theories. Many ecological theories are mathematical, computational, or statistical, though, and rarely have attempts been made to organize or extrapolate these models into broader theories. The Theory of Ecology brings together some of the most respected and creative theoretical ecologists of this era to advance a comprehensive, conceptual articulation of ecological theories. The contributors cover a wide range of topics, from ecological niche theory to population dynamic theory to island biogeography theory. Collectively, the chapters ably demonstrate how theory in ecology accounts for observations about the natural world and how models provide predictive understandings. It organizes these models into constitutive domains that highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ecological understanding. This book is a milestone in ecological theory and is certain to motivate future empirical and theoretical work in one of the most exciting and active domains of the life sciences.

The Six-Cornered Snowflake

The Six-Cornered Snowflake

When snow began to fall while he was walking across the Charles Bridge in Prague late in 1610, the eminent astronomer Johannes Kepler asked himself the following question: Why do snowflakes, when they first fall, and before they are entangled into larger clumps, always come down with six corners and with six radii tufted like feathers? In his effort to answer this charming and never-before-asked question about snowflakes, Kepler delves into the nature of beehives, peapods, pomegranates, five-petaled flowers, the spiral shape of the snail's shell, and the formative power of nature itself. While he did not answer his original question—it remained a mystery for another three hundred years—he did find an occasion for deep and playful thought. "In 1611, Kepler wrote an essay wondering why snowflakes always had perfect, sixfold symmetry. It's a simple enough question, but one that no one had ever asked before and one that couldn't actually be answered for another three centuries. Still, in trying to work out an answer, Kepler raised some fascinating questions about physics, math, and biology, and now you can watch in wonder as a great scientific genius unleashes the full force of his intellect on a seemingly trivial question, complete with new illustrations and essays to put it all in perspective."— io9, from their list "10 Amazing Science Books That Reveal The Wonders Of The Universe"

On Petrocultures

On Petrocultures

On Petrocultures brings together key essays by Imre Szeman, a leading scholar in the field of energy humanities and a critical voice in debates about globalization and neoliberalism. Szeman’s most important and influential essays, in dialogue with exciting new pieces written for the book, investigate ever-evolving circuits of power in the contemporary world, as manifested in struggles over space and belonging, redefinitions of work and individual autonomy, and the deep links between energy use and climate change.These essays explore life lived in the twenty-first century by examining critically the vocabulary through which capitalism makes sense of itself, focusing on concepts like the nation, globalization, neoliberalism, creativity, and entrepreneurship. At the heart of the volume is the concept of “petrocultures,” which demands that we understand a fundamental fact of modern life: we are shaped by and through fossil fuels. Szeman argues that we cannot take steps to address global warming without fundamentally changing the social, cultural, and political norms and expectations developed in conjunction with the energy riches of the past century. On Petrocultures maps the significant challenge of our dependence on fossil fuels and probes ways we might begin to leave petrocultures behind.

Winzige Gefährten

Winzige Gefährten

Unser Körper ist eine ganze Welt: Billionen Mikroorganismen bevölkern ihn. Sie gestalten unsere Organe mit, schützen uns vor Krankheiten, steuern unser Verhalten und bombardieren uns mit ihren Genen. Diese winzigen Gefährten verfügen über den Schlüssel zum Verständnis für das gesamte Leben auf der Erde, wie es begann, wie es sich fortentwickelte. Ed Yong öffnet uns die Augen für diese unsichtbare Welt. Er erzählt von den erstaunlichen Symbiosen, die Korallen dazu bewegen, mächtige Riffe zu bauen, oder es Zwergtintenfischen ermöglichen, ihre eigenen Umrisse mit einem diffusen Licht zu tarnen, um sich vor Jägern zu schützen. Wir erfahren, wie Mikroben Viren in Schach halten, Einfluss auf unsere Emotionen und unser Wesen nehmen und sogar unsere genetische Veranlagung verändern können. Wir lernen die Wissenschaftler kennen, die mit ansteckender Begeisterung diese winzigen Begleiter erforschen – sehr zu unserem Nutzen. Mit überraschendem Witz, großer Kenntnis und Anschaulichkeit lässt Ed Yong auf dieser Entdeckungsreise in den Kosmos der Mikrobiologie das Unsichtbare und Winzige sichtbar und groß werden.

Enzyme-based Biosensors: Recent Advances and Applications in Healthcare

Enzyme-based Biosensors: Recent Advances and Applications in Healthcare

This book summarizes the principles, protocols, and applications of enzyme-based biosensors in healthcare. After providing a brief history and discussing the development of various biosensors used for medical applications, it explores the principles of enzyme-based biosensors and reviews a number of enzyme immobilization techniques. It then addresses the potential of enzyme-based biosensors in the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases; illustrates the potential of enzyme-based biosensors for non-invasive monitoring of biochemical biomarkers; and assesses the application of paper-based and microfluidic-based nanobiosensors in medical diagnostics. A one-stop resource on recent advances in enzyme-based biosensors in healthcare, this book will appeal to students, researchers and scientists in a range of disciplines, as well as entrepreneurs, and medical/healthcare professionals.

A bright future

A bright future

There are two ways to look at renewable energy today.On the one hand, falling costs and strong policies are promoting the rapid spread of solar energy and wind power all across the world. Solar power is one of the few bright spots among clean energy technologies as the world transitions away from fossil fuels. On the other hand, renewables make up only a fraction of global energy consumption. In the power sector, they still compete with fossil-fuel power plants; in the heat and transport sectors, which account for 80% of energy consumption, renewables still play a relatively marginal role.The potential for increasing the role of renewables is massive: biofuels can be scaled up in transport, while bioenergy, solar thermal and geothermal energy can produce a larger share of heat for buildings and industry. Greater electrification, coupled with the increase in renewable electricity generation, is a key route to decarbonisation.However, to realise this potential, strong policies, research, innovation and investment are needed. Only in this way will renewables be able to contribute to the emission reductions demanded by the Paris Climate Agreement and help us meet the Sustainable Development Goals, meant to provide access to affordable and reliable energy for all.

Footwear Innovation

Footwear Innovation

Footwear Innovation: From Conceptual Design through to Advanced Manufacturing Techniques is an essential guide for understanding technological advancements in the footwear industry. The book offers a detailed exploration into foot biomechanics, deformities, and machine learning's role in identifying users' needs. It serves as a comprehensive resource for footwear designers, manufacturers, and entrepreneurs. The book is divided into six parts: foot problems and biomechanics; ideation and design methodologies; advanced tools like Reverse Engineering, CAD/CAS/CAE, Augmented/Virtual Reality, and Artificial Intelligence; manufacturing technologies including 3D printing and robotics; risk assessment and usability testing; and finally, sustainability and entrepreneurship in footwear innovation. - Explores the potential of technologies in the footwear product design and development process - Covers a wide range of topics, including smart products, process characteristics, modeling, optimization of products, industrial applications, risk assessment, and biomechanical usability of footwear products - Discusses theoretical aspects and provides practical guidance on how to identify problems, conduct experiments for evaluations, and implement user feedback

Les savoirs ventriloques

Les savoirs ventriloques

Dans les sociétés dites avancées, il est courant qu’on vante l’“objectivité” et la “neutralité” de la science. A croire qu’elle est tombée du Ciel ! Il y aurait d’un côté les activités religieuses, philosophiques et artistiques, toujours tributaires de l’histoire des hommes et donc toujours opaques ; et de l’autre, des savoirs scientifiques transparents, fondés sur une Méthode parfaitement rationnelle. Certes, ces savoirs sont fort utiles aux industriels et aux militaires. Et ils constituent des références privilégiées pour tous les experts et technocrates qui se multiplient autour de nous. Mais on nous dit qu’il faudrait voir là un simple hasard : la science pure, hélas, étant fréquemment “utilisée” de façon impure... Est-ce si simple ? Pierre Thuillier nous invite à comprendre que la science, loin d’être étrangère à la culture ambiante, y est profondément enracinée. Car la science est construite par des hommes : elle s’appuie sur divers présupposés philosophiques et recourt aux formes les plus variées de l’imagination. En outre, souvent, les intérêts cognitifs interfèrent avec des intérêts éminemment terrestres. Pour le montrer, Pierre Thuillier analyse des cas significatifs — qui nous mènent des alchimistes, de Newton et de Marat au Colloque de Cordoue, et qui concernent aussi bien le statut des mathématiques que le sexisme de l’institution scientifique...