Science & Nature - Books

Filosofía de las ciencias

Science & Nature

Análisis de los problemas que plantea la relación de la actividad científica con otras actividades humanas, y por otro, de los problemas epistemológicos, ontológicos y metafísicos que surgen en las diferentes ciencias particulares.

Solarthermie als erneuerbare Energie

Science & Nature

Um die Erstellung und Planung von Anlagen aus Erneuerbaren Energien besser verstehen und umsetzen zu können, wurde ein fiktives Ausbildungszentrum während des Moduls in Namibia etabliert, welches unterschiedliche Konzepte von Erneuerbaren Energien nutzen möchte. Auf Grundlage dieses fiktiven Ausbildungszentrums wird in dieser Hausarbeit der Nutzen und die Möglichkeit einer Solarthermieanlage ebenfalls in Namibia genauer untersucht. Es soll nicht nur die Möglichkeit des Heizens, sondern auch die des Kühlens untersucht werden. Die sich daraus abgeleitete Forschungsfrage lautet: Ist der Aufbau einer Solarthermieanlage in Namibia zum Heizen von Wasser beziehungsweise Kühlen von Lebensmitteln energetisch sinnvoll? Im Laufe dieser Hausarbeit wird zuerst auf allgemeine Begrifflichkeiten eingegangen, um dann auf die erneuerbare Energieform der Solarthermie zu schwenken. Diese wird über den aktuellen Wert für das Gesamtsegment der Erneuerbaren Energien, die benötigte Hardware (Peripherie), bis hin zu aktuellen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten untersucht. Zusätzlich wird eine Anlage für ein fiktives Beispiel in Namibia untersucht und deren Wirtschaftlichkeit betrachtet. Abschließend mündet die Arbeit in einer Reflexion und das dazugehörige Fazit.

The Rise and Progress of Palaeontology

Science & Nature

That application of the sciences of biology and geology, which is commonly known as palaeontology, took its origin in the mind of the first person who, finding something like a shell, or a bone, naturally imbedded in gravel or rock, indulged in speculations upon the nature of this thing which he had dug out—this "fossil"—and upon the causes which had brought it into such a position. In this rudimentary form, a high antiquity may safely be ascribed to palaeontology, inasmuch as we know that, 500 years before the Christian era, the philosophic doctrines of Xenophanes were influenced by his observations upon the fossil remains exposed in the quarries of Syracuse.

Science Is Golden

Science & Nature

Gold, gold, gold for Australia's mega-selling scientist's 27th book... 'Nullius in verba', the Royal Society's motto, roughly translated, means 'take nobody's word for it'. Why not do the experiment for yourself and see the reality of nature. Don't trust authority - trust nature. Does cranberry juice cure urinary tract infections? Is the hookah really a safer way to smoke? Will the Large Hadron Collider destroy the Earth and the Universe? Is the purpose of the peacock's tail to attract females? And in the unlikely event of a plane crash, are some seats safer than others? the human hand has 27 bones; Uranus has 27 moons; 27 is a perfect cube, being 3 x 3 x 3; and in this, Dr Karl's 27th book, he takes us on another exploration of the dazzling world of science.

Beyond the Second Law

Science & Nature

The Second Law, a cornerstone of thermodynamics, governs the average direction of dissipative, non-equilibrium processes. But it says nothing about their actual rates or the probability of fluctuations about the average. This interdisciplinary book, written and peer-reviewed by international experts, presents recent advances in the search for new non-equilibrium principles beyond the Second Law, and their applications to a wide range of systems across physics, chemistry and biology.Beyond The Second Law brings together traditionally isolated areas of non-equilibrium research and highlights potentially fruitful connections between them, with entropy production playing the unifying role. Key theoretical concepts include the Maximum Entropy Production principle, the Fluctuation Theorem, and the Maximum Entropy method of statistical inference. Applications of these principles are illustrated in such diverse fields as climatology, cosmology, crystal growth morphology, Earth system science, environmental physics, evolutionary biology and technology, fluid turbulence, microbial biogeochemistry, plasma physics, and radiative transport, using a wide variety of analytical and experimental techniques.Beyond The Second Law will appeal to students and researchers wishing to gain an understanding of entropy production and its central place in the science of non-equilibrium systems – both in detail and in terms of the bigger picture.

À la recherche de la preuve en mathématiques

Science & Nature

Certaines preuves sont comme magiques. Une question semble inextricable, une idée vient l’éclairer et elle devient lumineuse par enchantement. Bien des livres de mathématiques scintillent de tels bijoux… sans qu’ils donnent la moindre idée pour les découvrir. La beauté serait-elle mystère ? Ou réservée à une élite héréditaire ? "À la recherche de la preuve en mathématiques" s’insurge contre ces idées déprimantes. Des méthodes d’attaque des questions mathématiques existent, et elles sont à la portée de l’amateur comme du professionnel.

The Elements and Their Inhabitants

Science & Nature

The Elements and Their Inhabitants is a part of the famous book written by Manly Palmer Hall «The Secret Teachings of All Ages: An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Qabbalistic and Rosicrucian Symbolical Philosophy». «Certain of the ancients, differing with Paracelsus, shared the opinion that the elemental kingdoms were capable of waging war upon one another, and they recognized in the battlings of the elements disagreements among these kingdoms of Nature spirits. When lightning struck a rock and splintered it, they believed that the salamanders were attacking the gnomes. As they could not attack one another on the plane of their own peculiar etheric essences, owing to the fact that there was no vibratory correspondence between the four ethers of which these kingdoms are composed, they had to attack through a common denominator, namely, the material substance of the physical universe over which they had a certain amount of power.

Smart Grid

Science & Nature

What Is Smart GridA smart grid is a kind of electrical grid that incorporates a number of different management and energy-saving methods, such as the following: infrastructure for advanced metering technologiesIntelligent circuit breakers and distribution boards that are linked with home control systems and demand response systemsSmart appliances and load control switches, which are often subsidized by efficiencies gained in municipal programs.Resources for renewable energy, include the ability to charge batteries that have been parked, bigger arrays of batteries that have been recycled from these, or other forms of energy storage.Resources that use little to no energyenough utility-grade fiber bandwidth to link and monitor the aforementioned components, with wireless connectivity serving as a backup option. A sufficient amount of spare capacity in the event that it goes "black," which is typically leased out for financial gain.How You Will Benefit(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:Chapter 1: Smart gridChapter 2: Power-line communicationChapter 3: Distributed generationChapter 4: Electric power industryChapter 5: Electricity meterChapter 6: Energy management systemChapter 7: Energy demand managementChapter 8: Demand responseChapter 9: MicrogridChapter 10: Grid friendlyChapter 11: Advanced Distribution AutomationChapter 12: Load profileChapter 13: Phasor measurement unitChapter 14: Load managementChapter 15: Electricity pricingChapter 16: Electrical gridChapter 17: Smart grids by countryChapter 18: Smart grid policy in the United StatesChapter 19: Smart Grid Energy Research CenterChapter 20: Transactive energyChapter 21: Mini-grid(II) Answering the public top questions about smart grid.(III) Real world examples for the usage of smart grid in many fields.(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of smart grid' technologies.Who This Book Is ForProfessionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of smart grid.

Energy Science And Technology (Oil And Natural Gas)

Science & Nature

Oil and natural gas together form a fossil fuel called petroleum. It is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons of different molecular weights and other organic compounds that exist sometimes as a liquid and sometimes as a vapor. Petroleum provides a relatively cheap and convenient source of energy compared to rest of the fuels. It is one of the most important raw materials available to mankind and has been the foundation of the industrial civilization in 20th century. Oil is estimated to supply 30 percent of the world's energy mix in 2030. Oil is mostly used for transportation sector, power generation and agriculture sector and as a raw material for many chemical products including pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides and plastics. Volume 3 includes articles on both upstream and downstream processing of crude oil, the role of oil and natural gas in global energy mix, combustion technologies, alternate fuel for compression ignition engine, performance evaluation of bio-diesel and several others. Topics being covered in this volume are: o Reservoir characterization o Reservoir formation damage o Analysis of modern methods for enhanced oil recovery o Microbial enhanced oil recovery o Application of TOPSIS and ANP methods to prioritize artificial lift methods o Development of offshore technology and offshore oil and gas production platforms o Accurate fluid properties in ultra-deep oil reservoirs for safe exploration o Recent advances in petroleum refining technologies o Upgrading and hydro treating of heavy oils and residua o Upgrading of Colombian heavy crude oils o Three-dimensional, two-phase CFD model for petrochemical pre-heaters o Review on combustion technologies o Mathematical modeling of HCCI combustion of natural gas o Deterioration of solvent quality and foaming studies in natural gas sweetening unit o Effect of glycol type and circulation rate on natural gas dehydration process efficiency o Primary energy context in Europe: the case of natural gas o The role of OPEC o The role of oil and natural gas in the global energy mix o Oil production and the energy-growth nexus o Petroleum energy supply and road transport challenges in Nigeria o Biodiesel-petro diesel-bioethanol blends as fuel for compression ignition engines o Performance evaluation of small diesel engine using bio-diesel as alternate fuel This volume contains 22 chapters from 52 researchers and/or academicians representing 18 nations, namely Brazil, Colombia, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Nigeria, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America and Venezuela giving an overview of the various research activities being carried out in different parts of the world on Oil and Natural Gas.

Una historia insólita de la neurología

Science & Nature

Este es un fascinante viaje al órgano más impresionante y complejo del ser humano: el cerebro. Las historias aquí reunidas nos hablan acerca de los descubrimientos de las curiosidades neurológicas más extrañas e increíbles.Estos casos clínicos verdaderos, y que están contados como si fueran cuentos, están basados en terribles accidentes, misteriosas afecciones y milagrosas recuperaciones. Así podemos pasar por extremidades fantasma, canibalismo, cerebros siameses, etcétera. Al avanzar por el libro nos damos cuenta que cada avance científico fue producto de alguna enfermedad, lesión o necesidad.Pero más que hablarnos del trastorno o lesión en sí, el autor nos habla de la persona que se encuentra atrás de esa enfermedad. Cada capítulo comienza con una especie de misterio a resolver que vuelve a la narración una verdadera crónica policíaca adornada con pistas teóricas y clínicas. Con imágenes y diagramas en momentos muy atinados a lo largo de prácticamente todo el libro, el autor se centra también en uno de los elementos más elusivos, pero más buscados, del cerebro: la conciencia. Estos relatos nos muestran lo sorprendente y complejo que es nuestro cerebro, pero también lo que al final nos hace humanos y nos diferencia de otros seres.

The Concept of Nature

Science & Nature

"One of the most valuable books on the relation of philosophy and science which has appeared for many years." — The Cambridge Review"A great contribution to Natur-philosophie, far the finest contribution . . . made by any one man. — MindIn addition to his brilliant achievements in theoretical mathematics, Alfred North Whitehead exercised an extensive knowledge of philosophy and literature that informs and elevates all of his works. This book represents one of his most significant achievements in the field of natural philosophy. The Concept of Nature originated with Whitehead's Tarner Lectures, and it offers undergraduate students and other readers an absorbing exploration of the fundamental problems of substance, space, and time. Whitehead's discussions are highlighted by a criticism of Einstein's method of interpreting results, and by his alternative development of the celebrated theory of the four-dimensional space-time manifold.

The Science Lens

Science & Nature

The Science Lens explores the fascinating world of lenses and optics, revealing how they've shaped our understanding of everything from the human eye to the cosmos. It delves into the fundamental principles of light and refraction, highlighting intriguing facts such as how different materials bend light to create images and how early lenses, though rudimentary, paved the way for modern optical instruments. The book traces the evolution of lens technology, from simple magnifying glasses to sophisticated microscopes and telescopes, emphasizing their impact on science, technology, and even art. The book presents its information through a blend of theoretical explanations, experimental data, and historical case studies, making complex concepts accessible. Readers will journey through the principles of light, explore various lens types, and then examine optical instruments like cameras and telescopes. Ultimately, The Science Lens illustrates how lenses have not only extended our vision but also unlocked secrets of both the microscopic and macroscopic worlds, revolutionizing fields like medicine, astronomy, and materials science.

Algoritmy pro život

Science & Nature

>> „Pozoruhodná kniha… Algoritmy, o kterých autoři píší, jsou pro život užitečnější, než bych si kdy vůbec pomyslel.“ – časopis Forbes << # O knize Bojujete často s nerozhodností a kladete si otázky jako: Čemu se mám v práci věnovat nejdřív? Bude lepší zaparkovat na prvním volném místě, nebo jet dál do centra? Kolik bytů mám projít před rozhodnutím o koupi? Půjdeme večer do restaurace, nebo se najíme doma? Najdu dvě stejné ponožky? Nejste sami. Jakkoli to zní překvapivě, v běžném životě neustále řešíme obdobu nejtěžších problémů, jimiž se zabývají informatici. Od počítačů neočekáváme váhání, neefektivitu ani lítost nad špatným rozhodnutím – proč tedy nevyužít počítačových postupů pro optimalizaci našich každodenních rozhodnutí? # V této důvtipné knize se mimo jiné dozvíte: • Jaké algoritmy využíváme intuitivně a jaké bychom k nim měli přidat. • Co stojí za to udělat a kdy to včas nechat být. • Jakým způsobem dělit svou pozornost. • Kolik chaosu se vyplatí akceptovat. • Do jaké míry máme poznávat nové věci a užívat si ty ověřené. # O autorech Brian Christian je spisovatel a novinář, autor knihy o umělé inteligenci The Most Human Human. Kromě počítačové vědy vystudoval i filozofii a poezii. Tom Griffiths působí jako profesor kognitivní psychologie na univerzitě v Berkeley. Publikoval více než 150 studií o kognitivní psychologii a kulturní evoluci. # Více o knize http://melvil.cz/algoritmy Diskutujte o knize s hashtagem #algoritmy

Full Spectrum

Science & Nature

"Informative and entertaining...Rogers is a seasoned raconteur, unreeling an eons-spanning tale with skill." —Wall Street JournalA lively account of our age-old quest for brighter colors, which changed the way we see the world, from the best-selling author of Proof: The Science of Booze From kelly green to millennial pink, our world is graced with a richness of colors. But our human-made colors haven’t always matched nature’s kaleidoscopic array. To reach those brightest heights required millennia of remarkable innovation and a fascinating exchange of ideas between science and craft that’s allowed for the most luminous manifestations of our built and adorned world. In Full Spectrum, Rogers takes us on that globe-trotting journey, tracing an arc from the earliest humans to our digitized, synthesized present and future. We meet our ancestors mashing charcoal in caves, Silk Road merchants competing for the best ceramics, and textile artists cracking the centuries-old mystery of how colors mix, before shooting to the modern era for high-stakes corporate espionage and the digital revolution that’s rewriting the rules of color forever. In prose as vibrant as its subject, Rogers opens the door to Oz, sharing the liveliest events of an expansive human quest—to make a brighter, more beautiful world—and along the way, proving why he’s “one of the best science writers around.”* *National Geographic

Oceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate

Science & Nature

Prepared for the 2013 National Climate Assessment and a landmark study in terms of its breadth and depth of coverage, Oceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate is the result of a collaboration among numerous local, state, federal, and nongovernmental agencies to develop a comprehensive, state of the art look at the effects of climate change on the oceans and marine ecosystems under U.S. jurisdiction.This book provides an assessment of scientific knowledge of the current and projected impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on the physical, chemical, and biological components and human uses of marine ecosystems under U.S. jurisdiction. It also provides assessment of the international implications for the U.S. due to climate impacts on ocean ecosystems and of efforts to prepare for and adapt to climate and acidification impacts on ocean ecosystem, including· Climate-Driven Physical and Chemical Changes in Marine Ecosystems· Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms· Impacts of Climate Change on Human Uses of the Ocean· International Implications of Climate Change· Ocean Management Challenges, Adaptation Approaches, and Opportunities in a Changing Climate· Sustaining the Assessment of Climate Impacts on Oceans and Marine ResourcesRich in science and case studies, it examines the latest climate change impacts, scenarios, vulnerabilities, and adaptive capacity and offers decision makers and stakeholders a substantial basis from which to make informed choices that will affect the well-being of the region’s inhabitants in the decades to come.

Recent Advances in Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization

Science & Nature

This book focuses on modelling and simulation, control and optimization, signal processing, and forecasting in selected nonlinear dynamical systems, presenting both literature reviews and novel concepts. It develops analytical or numerical approaches, which are simple to use, robust, stable, flexible and universally applicable to the analysis of complex nonlinear dynamical systems. As such it addresses key challenges are addressed, e.g. efficient handling of time-varying dynamics, efficient design, faster numerical computations, robustness, stability and convergence of algorithms. The book provides a series of contributions discussing either the design or analysis of complex systems in sciences and engineering, and the concepts developed involve nonlinear dynamics, synchronization, optimization, machine learning, and forecasting. Both theoretical and practical aspects of diverse areas are investigated, specifically neurocomputing,transportation engineering, theoretical electrical engineering, signal processing, communications engineering, and computational intelligence. It is a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in nonlinear dynamics and synchronization with applications in selected areas.

L'électricité nucléaire

Science & Nature

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

Les noms des arbres

Science & Nature

Cet ouvrage est une réédition numérique d’un livre paru au XXe siècle, désormais indisponible dans son format d’origine.

This Can't Be Happening

Science & Nature

In twenty short books, Penguin brings you the classics of the environmental movement.In the galvanising speeches and essays brought together in This Can't Be Happening, George Monbiot calls on humanity to stop averting its gaze from the destruction of the living planet, and wake up to the greatest predicament we have ever faced.Over the past 75 years, a new canon has emerged. As life on Earth has become irrevocably altered by humans, visionary thinkers around the world have raised their voices to defend the planet, and affirm our place at the heart of its restoration. Their words have endured through the decades, becoming the classics of a movement. Together, these books show the richness of environmental thought, and point the way to a fairer, saner, greener world.

Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality

Science & Nature

Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality.This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level.The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base.ContributorsMaria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale

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